Ghébrē-Michael
Ghébrē-Michael (1791 - 30 July 1855) was an Ethiopian Roman Catholic priest and postulant from the Congregation of the Mission.[2][3][4][1] He became a monk in the Coptic Orthodox Church in 1813 when he became professed and later met Giustino de Jacobis on a pilgrimage. That chance meeting later happened to transform his life since de Jacobis would later receive him into Catholicism and ordain him as a priest.[2] But the Coptic Orthodox bishop - the single Orthodox bishop in Ethiopia - took an intense disliking of him and set out to eliminate both him and his patron de Jacobis. He was soon imprisoned and tortured and later died in prison due to ill treatment under a cedar tree.[4][1]
Ghébrē-Michael | |
|---|---|
| Priest; Martyr | |
| Born | 1791 Dibo, West Gojam, Ethiopia |
| Died | 30 July 1855 (aged 64) between Meccia Coreccia and Molicha Gebaba, Mirab Shewa, Ethiopia |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Beatified | 3 October 1926, Saint Peter's Basilica, Kingdom of Italy by Pope Pius XI |
| Feast |
|
| Attributes | Palm |
| Patronage |
|
His beatification process launched in 1920 under Pope Benedict XV and Pope Pius XI later beatified him not long after on 3 October 1926.[4][3]
Life
Ghébrē-Michael was born in Ethiopia in Dibo in 1791.[4][3] He was part of one of the three Ethiopian religious sects called the Kevats. He was educated in Dibo then aged twelve began his high school studies in one of the monastic schools where he was known for his shrewd manner of learning.[1]
In his childhood he lost one eye in an accident that in his culture would have rendered him unfit for most forms of work. He received an education and then began his studies in one of the monasteries where he became a gifted student. He became professed as a monk in 1813.[2][1] He had not prepared for ordination in the Coptic Orthodox Church since monks did not become priests but he became fascinated instead with declining standards in monasteries and set out to find out what the causes were. His superiors helped facilitate his research and he was also allowed to travel across the nation visiting these monasteries and doing further research in their libraries. He also decided that these matters required further research and so decided to go to Jerusalem for additional studies.[2]
In order to do this he joined a small delegation of Orthodox faithful who attempted to go to Alexandria - and then Cairo - to ask the Coptic Patriarch to appoint a new Orthodox bishop since the sole position had been rendered vacant. He also learnt that the bishop Giustino de Jacobis would become part of it due to high esteem for the latter. De Jacobis had been reluctant to accept but compromised that he would go with the delegation if it headed to Rome on the sojourn back to Ethiopia.[2][3] The delegation was not all too pleased with the bishop appointed since he had received part of his education from Protestants and this bishop would go on to cause trouble for Catholicism in Ethiopia and had a particular disliking for Ghébrē-Michael and de Jacobis. The delegation then headed to Rome to meet Pope Gregory XVI which the rector of the Irish College in Rome Paul Cullen (later a cardinal) detailed in a 19 August 1841 letter to the Archbishop of Dublin Daniel Murray.
He first met de Jacobis during that pilgrimage in September 1843 and the bishop advised him to return home via a different route since de Jacobis believed that his research would cause him to make enemies. The delegation returned to the Red Sea port of Massawa and he himself returned sometime later on his own as de Jacobis advised. The two would meet on a regular basis for the next six months and the two together visited monasteries before de Jacobis himself received him into Catholicism in February 1844; this led to six other Coptic monks asking for admission too after having seen his example.[2][4][3]
In 1850 he and de Jacobis were in conversation when the latter asked him if he desired becoming a priest. De Jacobis later ordained him to the priesthood on 1 January 1851. The new Orthodox bishop instigated persecution of Catholicism and at one stage - when he was set to enter the Congregation of the Mission as a postulant - he and de Jacobis were arrested with four others. De Jacobis was kept hidden from the others while their captors hoped extreme isolation and torture would cause them to abandon Catholicism.[2][3] But de Jacobis was later released and in late 1854 the Orthodox bishop failed through torture to get him and the others to apostatize. Tewodros II was crowned as the king in 1855 and the king also sought to torture him to get him to apostatize to no avail. To that end the emperor kept him in chains and would have him brought with him whenever and wherever he travelled. In May 1855 the British Consul visited the emperor and the latter decided to put the priest on trial in the consul's presence. But he refused to abandon his faith and the court deemed that he should be shot dead. But the consul asked for him to be spared and the emperor agreed which left the priest back in chains and moved from place to place as the emperor travelled.[2][3][4]
He later died due to ill treatment on a road under a cedar tree.[5] His remains were never found.[1]
De Jacobis later explained in a letter to the order's Superior-General Jean-Baptiste Etienne that the late priest could be considered a member in the order despite his having been a postulant; in his words "he belonged in his heart and in his spirit to the congregation".[1][2]
Beatification
The informative phase in investigation into potential beatification opened and closed in Addis Ababa in 1904 as did a similar process in Asmara in 1909; the formal introduction to the cause came under Pope Benedict XV on 25 January 1920 and he became titled as a Servant of God. The apostolic process was later held from 1921 to 1922 after which point the Congregation for Rites validated the previous processes on 11 December 1923. His theological and other spiritual writings received approval on 19 May 1925. An antepreparatory committee approved the cause on 22 December 1925 as did a preparatory one on 23 February 1926 and a general one on 27 April. On the following 22 May his beatification received formal approval from Pope Pius XI who beatified him later that 3 October.[4][3]
References
- James Cahalan, C.M. (17 April 2013). "Blessed Michael Ghebre: "The truth will make you free"". Vincentians. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- "Ghebre Michael". Famvin Vincentian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- "Beato Michele Ghebre". Santi e Beati. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- "Blessed Michael Ghebre". Saints SQPN. 10 October 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- Some sources suggest 14 July and others suggest 28 August as his date of death.
