George Ray Tweed

George Ray Tweed (July 2, 1902 – January 16, 1989) was a decorated radioman in the United States Navy who served during World War II. He is most famous for evading Japanese capture for two years and seven months after the surrender of the U.S garrison on Guam in 1941.

George Ray Tweed
Born(1902-07-02)July 2, 1902
Oregon, United States
DiedJanuary 16, 1989(1989-01-16) (aged 86)
Crescent City, California, United States
Place of burial
Eagle Point National Cemetery
Allegiance United States of America
Service/branch United States Navy
Years of service1922–1948
Rank Lieutenant
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsSilver Star
Legion of Merit with "V" Device

Early life

Tweed enlisted in the United States Navy in 1922 and attended the basic training at Naval Station Great Lakes. He also attended the Radioman School and served in the various Navy radio units until 1940, when he was transferred to the Naval Base Guam.

At the time a 16-year veteran of the Navy with the rank of Radioman First Class, Tweed was serving in the Navy Communication Office when the Japanese invaded the island on December 8, 1941, in the First Battle of Guam.[1]:15 Tweed had arrived on Guam in August 1939;[1]:266 his family, along with other American women and children, were evacuated in October 1941.[1]:17 The Americans faced the Japanese invasion with 155 Marines, a 200-man native insular force, and 400 Navy personnel who were untrained for combat.[1]:17 He and five other men (Al Tyson, Yeoman First Class Yablonsky, Chief Aerographer Jones, Chief Machinist's Mate Krump, and Machinist's Mate First Class Johnston of the USS Penguin) slipped into the Guam jungle rather than become prisoners of war.[1]:41, 140–141

In hiding

When the Japanese became aware of these men on the island, they began to hunt for them.[1]:30 The Americans captured during the initial invasion were taken to Japan, and those captured in the jungle were to be executed.[1]:62 The Japanese offered 100 yen for the capture of any American but 1000 yen for Tweed because of his radio expertise.[1]:73 He was able to get a Silvertone radio working by March 1942, allowing him and the locals to receive news broadcast by KGEI, San Francisco.[1]:75–76 When that battery ceased operating, he used a Zenith Electronics radio to pick up also the USAFFE, The Voice of Freedom, broadcasts from Corregidor Island.[1]:85–86 Based on the radio broadcasts, Tweed published an underground newspaper, the Guam Eagle, for four months using a typewriter and carbon paper.[1]:87

None of the men wanted to surrender, and the Japanese eventually captured and executed all of them except Tweed. Krump, Jones and Yablonsky were surrounded after Felix Jota disclosed their hiding place, and they were beheaded on September 12[1]:137 Tyson and Johnston were shot when they were surrounded by 50 Japanese sailors on October 22 after Juan and Frank Perez disclosed their hiding place.[1]:161 The Japanese also tortured and executed local Chamorro natives whom they suspected of helping the missing Americans.[1]:49 Still, the locals did not want Tweed to surrender: "The people of Guam feel that as long as you hold out the Americans will come back."[1]:106

Tweed managed to hide in the middle portion of the island, aided by many locals in 11 different locations, until October 1942.[1]:151 Then, Tweed was sheltered on Antonio Artero's ranch on the northwest portion of the island.[1]:152 In total, Tweed managed to elude the Japanese for two years and seven months, until just before the start of the Second Battle of Guam in 1944. During that time, he studied algebra and made shoes for the family watching over him.[1]:181–183

On July 10, 1944, he was able to signal two destroyers, involved in preparations for the impending US invasion, with a mirror and semaphore.[1]:240 Tweed conveyed information about Japanese defenses that he had gathered from his vantage point overlooking the west coast of the island.[1]:240 He was rescued by a whaleboat from the USS McCall.

Later life

For his heroism, Tweed was awarded the Legion of Merit with "V" Device and promoted to Chief Petty Officer.[1]:248 He was later promoted to Warrant Officer. Tweed returned to Guam in September 1946 to thank those still alive who had helped him.[1]:256 He retired as a lieutenant in 1948.[1]:back cover He was later also decorated with the Silver Star.

According to a newspaper article (Le Petit Journal, Montreal) from August 25, 1946, Tweed had promised the native rancher, Antonio Artero, a new car if he evaded capture and returned to the United States.[1]:215 Tweed confirmed in a video interview in 1984 for a Guam Cable TV program that with the help of General Motors, in a promotional campaign to highlight the resumption of consumer motor vehicle production, he accompanied a new 1946 four-door Chevrolet automobile sent from San Francisco, California to Antonio Artero. Franklin Artero, the son of Antonio, has also confirmed that in guided tours he has given in 2010, which has included a family scrap book of this return visit by Tweed in 1946.

Tweed died in an automobile accident in 1989 at the age of 86. He is buried at Eagle Point National Cemetery in Oregon.[2]

Tweed's story is told in short in the official US Navy documentary on the Battle of Guam as well as in his 1945 book, Robinson Crusoe, USN.[1] His story was also dramatized in the 1962 movie No Man Is an Island, starring Jeffrey Hunter as Tweed. He appeared on the television show To Tell the Truth on October 22, 1962, where two of the four panelists correctly identified him over the two imposters.

Decorations

George Ray Tweed´s ribbon bar:
1st Row Silver Star Legion of Merit
with "V" Device
2nd Row Navy Presidential Unit Citation Navy Good Conduct Medal
with silver star		 American Defense Service Medal
with "Base" clasp
3rd Row American Campaign Medal Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
with two service stars		 World War II Victory Medal

References
  1. Tweed, George R; Clark, Blake (1945). Robinson Crusoe, USN; the adventures of George R. Tweed, RM1C, on Jap-held Guam. New York, London: Whittlesey House, McGraw-Hill Book Co. OCLC 1518115.
  2. Station Hypo

Further reading
  • Manchester, William (1980). Goodbye, darkness : a memoir of the Pacific War. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-54501-3. OCLC 6421928., page 280 for a different view of Tweed's escape from the Japanese in 1941.
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