George M. McCune

George McAfee "Mac" McCune (June 16, 1908 – November 5, 1948) was an American scholar of Korea who developed, with Edwin O. Reischauer, the McCune–Reischauer romanization of Korean. He taught Korean history and language at Occidental College and the University of California, Berkeley.

Early life and education

Born in Pyongyang, Korea, George McAfee McCune was the son of Helen (McAfee) and George Shannon McCune, American Presbyterian educational missionaries who had sailed to the country in 1905. Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910.

The McCunes worked in Pyongyang and Sinch'ŏn (Syen Chen). The young George had a younger brother, Shannon, and sisters, Catherine and Margaret.[1] They received their elementary educations in Korea.

McCune moved to the United States to attend Huron College in South Dakota, where his father was president,[1] and transferring after a year to Rutgers University in New Jersey. He graduated from Occidental College with a bachelor's degree in 1930. McCune returned to Korea for a few years, where he taught at Union Christian College in Pyongyang, where his parents were working. He also owned and managed Taeon, a formerly Chinese-owned business, which enabled him to finance his graduate education.[1]

McCune returned to the US and completed his M.A. from Occidental College in 1935. He started doctoral graduate work at the University of California, Berkeley. He was granted a Mills Traveling Fellowship to continue his studies in Korea. He spent a year working on the official Yi dynasty chronicles in connection with his dissertation. In 1941, he received his Ph.D from Berkeley.

In 1939, he and Edwin O. Reischauer, also an East Asian scholar, published their McCune-Reischauer romanization of the Korean language, which was widely used for decades.

Marriage and family

He married Evelyn Margaret Becker (1907-2012) in Honolulu, Hawaii, on April 22, 1933. She was a child of American Methodist missionary parents and also had been born in Pyongyang. They had met there when they were visiting their respective families. She was teaching at the Seoul Foreign School in Seoul, Korea, after getting her B.A. at University of California, Berkeley.

They got engaged and then married during a crisis because of McCune's health problems; his heart had been weakened since he suffered from rheumatic fever as a child. One of their daughters, Helen Louise McCune, was born in 1934, followed by the other, Heather McAfee McCune, in 1939.

Career

McCune began teaching Korean language and history at Occidental College, where he taught from 1939 to 1946, advancing from the rank of Instructor to Associate Professor.[2]

Soon after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II. In 1942, McCune was given a leave of absence to serve the war effort. He worked as a Social Science Analyst in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). After serving in the OSS for two years and briefly on the Board of Economic Warfare, McCune was appointed as officer of the Korea Desk in the State Department. During those years, he was "generally recognized as the government's leading expert on Korean affairs."[2]

In 1946, he began teaching at UC, Berkeley. In 1948, he was promoted to associate professor of history at Berkeley, but he died that year because of heart problems.

At Berkeley, he had helped establish an intensive course in the Korean language in the Far Eastern and Russian Language School of the University Extension. In addition, he acquired for the East Asiatic Library several hundred volumes in the Korean language: "These constitute one of the first such collections in this country."[2]

"He was a member of the Far Eastern Association, the Foreign Policy Association, the American Historical Association, the Council of Foreign Relations, the Institute of Pacific Relations, the American Association of University Professors and the World Affairs Institute. In 1947 he was appointed a member of the Advisory Editorial Board of the Far Eastern Quarterly and in the same year was a delegate to the National Conference of the Institute of Pacific Relations, at Coronado, California."[2]

His brother, Shannon Boyd-Bailey McCune (1913–1993), became a geographer and wrote several books on Korea for the general public.[3][2] He married and had three children.

References
  1. Heather McAfee McCune Thompson, A Daughter's Journey: Birth to Marriage: the Story of Evelyn Becker McCune, Arthur L. Becker, Her Father and George McAfee McCune, Her Husband, Lulu, pp. 85, 87, 108, 161, 164
  2. "George McAfee McCune, History: Berkeley". University of California. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  3. Shavit, David (November 1990). The United States in Asia: A Historical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 320. ISBN 978-0-313-26788-8.
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