George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke

General George Augustus Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke and 8th Earl of Montgomery KG PC (10 September 1759 – 26 October 1827) was an English peer, army officer, and politician.

The Right Honourable The Earl of Pembroke KG PC
Governor of Guernsey
In office 1807–1827
Preceded by	The Earl Grey
Succeeded by	Sir William Keppel
Member of the UK Parliament for Wilton
In office 1788–1794
Preceded by	William Gerard Hamilton Philip Goldsworthy
Succeeded by	The Viscount FitzWilliam Philip Goldsworthy
In office 1780 – 1785
Preceded by	Hon. Henry Herbert Charles Herbert
Succeeded by	William Gerard Hamilton Philip Goldsworthy
Personal details
Born	10 September 1759 Wilton House, Wilton, Great Britain
Died	26 October 1827 Pembroke House, London, Great Britain
Political party	Whig
Spouse(s)	Elizabeth Beauclerk ​ ​ (m. 1787; died 1793)​ Countess Catherine Vorontsov ​ ​ (m. 1808; his death 1827)​
Children	10, including 12th Earl of Pembroke 1st Baron Herbert of Lea Countess of Dunmore
Parents	Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke Elizabeth Herbert, Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery
Relatives	3rd Duke of Marlborough (grandfather)
Education	Harrow School
Military service
Rank	General
Commands	2nd and 3rd Dragoon Guards 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons
Battles/wars	French Revolutionary Wars:  • Siege of Valenciennes

Shield of arms of George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke, KG, PC - Per pale azure and gules three lions rampant argent.

Early life

He was born Lord Herbert at the family home, Wilton House in Wilton, he was the only son of Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke and 7th Earl of Montgomery and his wife, Elizabeth, the second daughter of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough.[1] He had a younger sister Charlotte, who died at the age of 10. He was educated at home and then Harrow School from 1770 to 1775. Through his grandmother Mary FitzWilliam, daughter of the 5th Viscount FitzWilliam, he inherited the substantial FitzWilliam estates in Dublin.

Career

After leaving Harrow, Herbert was appointed an ensign in the 12th Regiment of Foot in 1775 and travelled the continent over the next five years, visiting France, Austria, Eastern Europe, Russia and Italy with Rev. William Coxe and Capt. John Floyd.

Herbert was promoted to a lieutenant in 1777 and became a captain in the 75th Regiment of Foot in 1778, before transferring to 1st The Royal Dragoons later that year. In 1781, he transferred to the 22nd Light Dragoons and the following year was promoted to a lieutenant-colonel in the 2nd Dragoon Guards.

At the start of the French Revolutionary Wars, Herbert saw action in Flanders, where he commanded the 2nd and 3rd Dragoon Guards and liaised with Prussian and Austrian forces. He was also active in the Siege of Valenciennes (1793) and captured an enemy post at Hundssluyt, near Dunkirk, later that year.

Political career

At the general election of 1780, Herbert became Member of Parliament for the family borough of Wilton and sided with the Whig opposition. He held the seat until 1784 when he was appointed Vice-Chamberlain of the Household and sworn of the Privy Council. He held the seat for Wilton again from 1788 to 1794, the year he inherited his father's titles and estate and also succeeded him as Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire.

Later life

In 1795, Pembroke was promoted to a major-general and became colonel of the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons in 1797. He was further promoted to a lieutenant-general in 1802 and appointed a Knight of the Garter in 1805. After serving as a plenipotentiary on a special mission to Austria in 1807, he was also appointed Governor of Guernsey and finally promoted to a general in 1812.

Personal life

Herbert married twice, firstly on 8 April 1787, to Elizabeth Beauclerk (d. 1793), his first cousin, the daughter of Topham Beauclerk by his wife, Diana. By his first wife he had the following progeny:

• George Herbert (1788–1793), eldest son and heir apparent who predeceased his father aged 5.
• Lady Diana Herbert (1790–1841), who married Welbore Agar, 2nd Earl of Normanton;
• Robert Herbert, 12th Earl of Pembroke (19 September 1791 – 25 April 1862), previously styled Viscount Herbert, who married Ottavia Spinelli and died without legitimate issue. By his mistress Alexina Sophia Gallot he had an illegitimate daughter.
• Hon. Charles Herbert (1793–1798)

His second married was on 25 January 1808 to Countess Catherine Semyonovna Vorontsova, a daughter of the prominent Russian aristocrat and diplomat Semyon Romanovich Vorontsov. Her letters show her to have been a shrewd observer of European politics, allowing for a pro-Russian slant to her opinions.[2] By his second wife he had progeny as follows:

• Lady Elizabeth Herbert (1809–1858), who married Richard Meade, 3rd Earl of Clanwilliam and had issue.
• Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea (16 September 1810 – 2 August 1861), who by his wife Elizabeth had issue.
• Lady Mary Herbert [3] (1813–1892) who married George Brudenell-Bruce, 2nd Marquess of Ailesbury, died without issue.
• Lady Catherine Herbert (31 October 1814 – 12 February 1886) who married Alexander Murray, 6th Earl of Dunmore and had issue;
• Lady Georgiana Herbert (1817–1841) who married (as his first wife) Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 4th Marquess of Lansdowne but had no issue;
• Lady Emma Herbert (1819–1884) who married Thomas Vesey, 3rd Viscount de Vesci and had issue.

Lord Pembroke died on 26 October 1827 at his London home, Pembroke House and was buried at Wilton on 12 November. After having previously quarreled with his eldest surviving son, Robert, over the latter's marriage to the widowed Italian princess, Octavia Spinelli de Rubari, Pembroke left the bulk of his unentailed and personal estate to his only son by his second wife, Sidney (later created Baron Herbert of Lea).

Notes

1. Lundy, Darryl. George Augustus Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke, ThePeerage.com, accessed 23 May 2012
2. Woronzow, HumphrysFamilyTree, accessed 4 April 2012
3. "Mary Caroline (née Herbert), Marchioness of Ailesbury (1813–1892), Wife of 2nd Marquess of Ailesbury; daughter of 11th Earl of Pembroke". National Portrait Gallery, London.

References

• S. M. Farrell. "Herbert, George Augustus, eleventh earl of Pembroke and eighth earl of Montgomery (1759–1827), army officer and landowner". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
• Cokayne et al., The Complete Peerage