General Post Office (Washington, D.C.)

The General Post Office, also known as the Tariff Commission Building, is a historic building at 700 F Street NW in Washington, D.C., United States. Built in 1839 to a design by Robert Mills and enlarged in 1866 to a design by Thomas U. Walter, it is an example of Greek Revival architecture. It was designated a US National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its architecture.[2][3] The building has housed the Hotel Monaco since 2002.[4]

General Post Office
Location700 F Street NW, Washington, D.C., US
Coordinates38°53′48″N 77°1′22″W
Built1839 (1839)
ArchitectRobert Mills (architect) & Thomas U. Walter
Architectural styleGreek Revival
NRHP reference No.69000311
Significant dates
Added to NRHPMarch 24, 1969[1]
Designated NHLNovember 11, 1971[2]

Description

The former General Post Office building occupies an entire city block in central Washington, bounded by 7th and 8th Streets NW, and E and F Streets NW. Built in two major stages, it is composed of two U-shaped structures surrounding a central courtyard. The southern section, mainly facing E Street, is a marble structure three stories in height, set on a raised basement. Its main facade is nineteen bays wide, with the entrance recessed in an enlarged bay at the center. Bays are articulated by banded piers on the first floor and Corinthian pilasters above. Windows on the second floor are topped by peaked lintels. The northern section has a more elaborate facade fronting F Street, which serves as the main hotel entrance. At its center is a five-bay entrance pavilion, with an arcaded recess above the entrances framed by Corinthian pillars and pilasters. The building's public interior spaces on the south side exhibit characteristics of Robert Mills' design, including barrel-vaulted passageways.[3]

History

The site was originally developed by Samuel Blodget, Jr. (son of Samuel Blodgett), who enlisted James Hoban to design a hotel, which was the largest privately-owned structure in Washington when completed in the early 1800s. The federal government purchased Blodget's hotel in 1810, to house the US Post Office Department and US Patent Office. During the Burning of Washington in the War of 1812, William Thornton, Superintendent of the Patent Office, convinced British troops to spare the building. Because the United States Capitol had been burned down, the US Congress temporarily met in the building. In 1836, a fireplace accident set the building on fire, destroying thousands of patent models and records.[5][4]

President Andrew Jackson sought to rebuild the General Post Office, and Robert Mills designed and oversaw construction, with the new General Post Office completed in 1842. The original building was a U-shape, extending along E Street and part way up 7th and 8th Streets. In 1845, Samuel Morse opened the first public telegraph office in the General Post Office.[5][4]

Thomas U. Walter oversaw the building's expansion from 1855 to 1866, when the building was extended and connected along F Street to form a complete rectangle. This expansion was interrupted by the Civil War, when Union soldiers used the basement as munitions storage. The US Post Office Department moved out in 1897. The US General Land Office was a tenant from 1897 to 1917. The US National Selective Service Board was a tenant in 1919, and it was here that US Army General John J. Pershing wrote his report on the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I. The US Tariff Commission was a tenant from 1932 to 1988, eventually occupying the entire building.[5][4]

The building was vacant from 1988 to 2002, when Michael Stanton Architecture in partnership with the Kimpton Group was selected by the US General Services Administration (GSA) to convert the building into a 184-room hotel, which became the Kimpton Hotel Monaco Washington DC. The Washington Monaco Hotel was honored with the Washington DC Mayor's Award for Historic Preservation, the Business Week / Architectural Record Award, the GSA Heritage Award for Adaptive Use, and the GSA Heritage Award for Conservation and Restoration.[6][7]

See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. "General Post Office". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2008-05-13.
  3. W. Brown Morton III and Nancy C. Taylor (March 8, 1970). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Tariff Commission Building / General Post Office" (pdf). National Park Service. Cite journal requires |journal= (help) and Accompanying four photos, exterior, from 1971 (32 KB)
  4. "General Post Office, Washington, DC". GSA.gov. U.S. General Services Administration. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  5. DeFerrari, John (December 15, 2010). "Then and Now: General Post Office to Hotel Monaco". Greater Greater Washington.
  6. "Architectural Preservation Services: News - Recent News Updates from APS". Aps-wei.com. Retrieved 2014-08-07.
  7. "Hotel Monaco Washington, D.C." Archived from the original on 2011-10-09. Retrieved 2011-08-30.
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