Gastrolobium

Gastrolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia.

Gastrolobium
Gastrolobium celsianum (Swan River Pea)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Subfamily:
Faboideae
(unranked):
Mirbelioids
Genus:
Gastrolobium

R.Br. 1811
Type species
Gastrolobium bilobum
R.Br.
Groups and Species

See text.

Synonyms[1]
  • Brachysema R. Br. ex W.T.Aiton 1811
  • Burgesia F. Muell.
  • Cupulanthus Hutch. 1964
  • Jansonia Kippist ex Lindl. 1847
  • Nemcia Domin 1923

A significant number of the species accumulate monofluoroacetate (the key ingredient of the poison known commonly as 1080), which caused introduced/non native animal deaths from the 1840s in Western Australia. The controversy over the cause of the stock poisoning in that time involved the botanist James Drummond in a series of tests to ascertain the cause of the poisoning, which was determined to be caused primarily by the plants York Road poison (G. calycinum) and Champion Bay poison (G. oxylobioides).[2][3]

In the 1930s and 1940s C.A. Gardner and H.W. Bennetts identified other species in Western Australia, leading to the publication of The Toxic Plants of Western Australia in 1956.[4]

The base chromosome number of Gastrolobium is 2n = 16.[5]

Species

Gastrolobium comprises the following species:[1][6][7][8][9]

Gastrolobium bilobum Group

  • Gastrolobium acrocaroli G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium bilobum R.Br.—Heart-leaved poison
  • Gastrolobium brevipes Crisp
  • Gastrolobium callistachys Meisn.—Rock poison[Note 1]
  • Gastrolobium congestum G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium cuneatum Henfry—River poison
  • Gastrolobium grandiflorum F.Muell.—Wallflower poison
  • Gastrolobium graniticum (S.Moore) Crisp—Granite poison[Note 2]
  • Gastrolobium involutum G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium semiteres G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium stenophyllum Turcz.—Phillips River poison, Narrow-leaved poison
  • Gastrolobium tergiversum G. Chandler & Crisp

Gastrolobium parviflorum Subgroup

  • Gastrolobium discolor G. Chandler, Crisp & R.J. Bayer
  • Gastrolobium melanocarpum G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium musaceum G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium parviflorum (Benth.) Crisp—Box poison
  • Gastrolobium tetragonophyllum (E.Pritz.) Crisp—Brother-brother

Gastrolobium calycinum Group

  • Gastrolobium appressum C.A.Gardner—Scaleleaf poison
  • Gastrolobium calycinum Benth.—York Road poison
  • Gastrolobium hamulosum Meisn.—Hook Point poison[Note 3]
  • Gastrolobium oxylobioides Benth.—Champion Bay poison
  • Gastrolobium racemosum (Turcz.) Crisp—Net-leaved poison
  • Gastrolobium reflexum G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium rigidum (C.A.Gardner) Crisp—Rigid leaf poison[Note 4]
  • Gastrolobium spectabile (Endl.) Crisp—Roe's poison
  • Gastrolobium tenue G. Chandler & Crisp

Gastrolobium celsianum Group

Gastrolobium cruciatum Group

  • Gastrolobium cruciatum G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium epacridoides Meisn.
  • Gastrolobium punctatum (Turcz.) G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium reticulatum (Meisn.) Benth.

Gastrolobium floribundum Group

  • Gastrolobium crassifolium Benth.—Thick-leaved poison
  • Gastrolobium diabolophyllum G. Chandler, Crisp & R.J. Bayer
  • Gastrolobium floribundum S.Moore—Wodjil poison
  • Gastrolobium glaucum C.A.Gardner—Spike poison[Note 5]
  • Gastrolobium hians G.Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium laytonii Jean White—Breelya, Kite-leaved poison
  • Gastrolobium microcarpum (Meisn.) Benth.—Sandplain poison
  • Gastrolobium parvifolium Benth.—Berry poison
  • Gastrolobium polystachyum Meisn.—Horned poison, Hill River poison
  • Gastrolobium propinquum C.A.Gardner—Hutt River poison
  • Gastrolobium pycnostachyum Benth.—Mount ragged poison, Round-leaved poison[Note 6]
  • Gastrolobium velutinum Lindl. & Paxton—White gum poison, Stirling Range poison

Gastrolobium heterophyllum Group

  • Gastrolobium heterophyllum (Turcz.) Crisp—Slender poison
  • Gastrolobium nutans G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium pusillum Crisp & P.H. Weston

Gastrolobium ilicifolium Group

  • Gastrolobium ilicifolium Meisn.
  • Gastrolobium rhombifolium G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium tricuspidatum Meisn.

Gastrolobium obovatum Group

  • Gastrolobium bennettsianum C.A.Gardner—Cluster poison
  • Gastrolobium brownii Meisn.
  • Gastrolobium hookeri Meisn.
  • Gastrolobium latifolium (R. Br.) G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium obovatum Benth.
  • Gastrolobium plicatum Turcz.
  • Gastrolobium pulchellum Turcz.
  • Gastrolobium spathulatum Benth.
  • Gastrolobium stowardii S. Moore
  • Gastrolobium truncatum Benth.

Gastrolobium pyramidale Group

  • Gastrolobium coriaceum (Sm.) G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium crenulatum Turcz.
  • Gastrolobium pyramidale T.Moore

Gastrolobium retusum Group

  • Gastrolobium acutum Benth.
  • Gastrolobium alternifolium G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium capitatum (Benth.) G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium crispatum G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium dorrienii (Domin) G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium ebracteolatum G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium effusum (M.D. Crisp & F.H. Mollemans) G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium linearifolium G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium nervosum (Meisn.) G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium retusum Lindl.
  • Gastrolobium stipulare Meisn.
  • Gastrolobium whicherensis G. Chandler & Crisp

Gastrolobium spinosum Group

  • Gastrolobium aculeatum G. Chandler, Crisp & R.J. Bayer
  • Gastrolobium euryphyllum G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium spinosum Benth.—Prickly poison
    • var. grandiflorum C.Gardner
    • var. spinosum Benth.
    • var. triangulare Benth.
    • var. trilobum S. Moore
  • Gastrolobium triangulare (Benth.) Domin
  • Gastrolobium trilobum Benth.—Bullock poison
  • Gastrolobium wonganensis G. Chandler & Crisp

Gastrolobium villosum Group

  • Gastrolobium densifolium C.A.Gardner—Mallet poison
  • Gastrolobium glabratum G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium ovalifolium Henfr.—Runner poison
  • Gastrolobium rotundifolium Meisn.—Gilbernine poison
  • Gastrolobium tomentosum C.A.Gardner—Wooly poison[Note 7]
  • Gastrolobium villosum Benth.—Crinkle-leaved poison

Incertae Sedis

  • Gastrolobium axillare Meisn.
  • Gastrolobium cyanophyllum G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium dilatatum (Benth.) G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium elegans G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium ferrugineum G. Chandler, Crisp & R.J. Bayer
  • Gastrolobium humile G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium lehmannii Meisn.
  • Gastrolobium nudum G. Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium venulosum G. Chandler & Crisp

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved:[1][8][9]

  • Gastrolobium boormani Maiden & Betche
  • Gastrolobium compactum C.A. Gardner
  • Gastrolobium elachistum F.Muell.
  • Gastrolobium henfreyi Lem.
  • Gastrolobium huegelii Henfr.
  • Gastrolobium makoyanum Heynh.
  • Gastrolobium revolutum Crisp
  • Gastrolobium scorsifolium F.Muell.
  • Gastrolobium splendens Heynh.
  • Gastrolobium velutinum Lindl. ex J. Paxton
  • Gastrolobium verticillatum Heynh.
  • Gastrolobium whicherense G.Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium wonganense G.Chandler & Crisp

See also

Notes
  1. Gastrolobium callistachys was previously a Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia, but is not currently. See FloraBase.
  2. Gastrolobium graniticum is a Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia. See FloraBase.
  3. Gastrolobium hamulosum is a Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia. See FloraBase.
  4. Gastrolobium rigidum was previously a Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia, but is not currently. See FloraBase.
  5. Gastrolobium glaucum is a Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia. See FloraBase.
  6. Gastrolobium pycnostachyum is a Priority 2 species. See FloraBase.
  7. Gastrolobium tomentosum was previously a Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia, but is not currently. See FloraBase.

References
  1. Chandler GT, Crisp MD, Cayzer LW, Bayer RJ (2002). "Monograph of Gastrolobium (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae)" (PDF). Australian Systematic Botany. 15 (5): 619–739. doi:10.1071/SB01010.
  2. Aplin TEH (1967), York road poison and box poison, Western Australian Department of Agriculture, retrieved 1 November 2016
  3. "Champion Bay Poison". Western Mail. XLIII (2, 231). Western Australia. 15 November 1928. p. 42. Retrieved 1 November 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  4. Gardner CA, Bennetts HW, Gardner C, Bennetts H (1956), The toxic plants of Western Australia, West Australian Newspapers, Periodicals Division, retrieved 1 November 2016
  5. Sands VE (1975). "The cytoevolution of the Australian Papilionaceae". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 100: 118–155.
  6. Chandler GT, Bayer RJ, Crisp MD (2001). "A molecular phylogeny of the endemic Australian genus Gastrolobium (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae) and allied genera using chloroplast and nuclear markers". Am J Bot. 88 (9): 1675–1687. doi:10.2307/3558413. JSTOR 3558413. PMID 21669702.
  7. "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Gastrolobium". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  8. USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Gastrolobium". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  9. "The Plant List entry for Gastrolobium". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2017.

Further reading
  • Paczkowska G, Chapman AR (2000). The Western Australian Flora—A Descriptive Catalogue. Perth, W.A.: Wildflower Society of Western Australia: Western Australian Herbarium: Western Australian Botanic Gardens & Parks Authority. ISBN 0-646-40100-9.
  • "Gastrobium R.Br.". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  • Seawright AA (1989). "Flouracetates". Animal Health in Australia. Volume 2. Chemical and Plant Poisons. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. pp. 43–45. ISBN 0-644-08179-1.
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