Fritz Reuter (composer)

Fritz Reuter (9 September 1896 – 4 July 1963) was a German musicologist, music educator, composer and Kapellmeister. Reuter was one of the most important German music educators of the 20th century. After studying music and musicology in Dresden and Leipzig, with Teichmüller, Riemann, Schering and Abert, he received his doctorate in 1922 (Dr. phil.).[1][2] In 1945, he was appointed Kapellmeister at the Volksoper in Dresden.[1] In 1949, he was appointed as the first professor of music education at a German university (University of Halle).[3] He was also director of institutes at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg and the Humboldt University Berlin.[3] In 1955, he was one of the initiators of the first Hallische Musiktage.

Not to be confused with the novelist Fritz Reuter.

Life

Origin and music studies

Born in Löbtau, now part of Dresden,[3][4] Reuter came from a Saxon artisan family from the Ore Mountains.[5] He was born as the son of the master builder and carpenter Friedrich August Reuter (born 1868)[6] in a working-class suburb.[4] His father worked his way up to become the owner of a construction business.[5] Reuter's mother Johanna, née Noack (born 1878), had Sorbs Roots[7] and was the driving force in his musical education.[6] He received piano lessons from Max Stranssky and Richard Schmidt, both teachers at the Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber Dresden, as well as theory lessons from Paul Walde.[6] Schmidt also introduced him to Baroque music by Johann Sebastian Bach, which Reuter learned to love.[5] He passed an exam in 1912 and later taught music theory and piano himself at the "Dresdner Lehranstalt für Musik", founded by Walde in 1914. Reuter came into early contact with the music pedagogy of the Dresden music school director Richard Kaden – his spiritus rector[8] – which stood in a line of tradition with the approaches of the philosopher Karl Christian Friedrich Krause.[5]

Reuter first attended the Bürgerschule, and in 1916 he passed the Abitur[4] at the Annenrealgymnasium in Dresden.[6] During the First World War (1916/17) he was trained as an infantryman (grenadier) in Dresden, but was not called up for military service.[4] Unwilling to take over his father's business, he broke with his parental home[5] and began studying music instead. He financed this through two "Riemann scholarships", which he received for the best annual musicological works,[8] as well as interrupting his studies as a répétiteur at the famous Dresden circus Sarrasani (1917) and as a theatre conductor[3] in Allenstein/East Prussia.[9] At the same time, Reuter studied in Leipzig at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig and at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig.[10] His teachers included among others Otto Weinreich and Robert Teichmüller in piano, Stephan Krehl in composition and Bernhard Porst in bandmaster training, as well as Hugo Riemann, Hermann Abert and Arnold Schering in musicology. He also studied German with Albert Köster and Eduard Sievers and philosophy and pedagogy with Eduard Spranger, Theodor Litt, Johannes Volkelt and Hans Driesch.[9][10]

In 1922, he was awarded a Dr. phil. from the University of Leipzig for his dissertation Die Geschichte der deutschen Oper in Leipzig am Ende des 17. und am Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts (1693–1720). The referees for the thesis were Hermann Abert and Rudolf Kötzschke.[11]

Lecturer in Leipzig

As a sideline, Reuter initially also worked as a music critic for the Leipziger Musik- und Theater-Zeitung, which appeared in 1921.[12][8] Because of his activity as a composer, he became a teacher of music theory at the Royal or State Conservatory of Music in Leipzig in 1921.[8] There, on Riemann's recommendation, he introduced the basso continuo into theory teaching. He also devoted himself to the psychological foundation of ear training.[9] In addition, from 1922 he was active at the Kirchenmusikalisches Institut of the Leipzig Conservatory, where he taught ecclesiastical composition and music theory as well as the history of church music.[4] In addition, in 1924/25 he took on a teaching position for the pedagogy of school music at the University of Leipzig.[4] From 1932 he also taught music history.[13] As a result of a report by Reuter in the 1920s, the Sächsischer Landtag introduced the school subject "music" at Volksschules and higher schools.[14] In 1925, moreover, he became a member of the examination board for the musical state examination at the University of Leipzig.[8] In addition to his university lectureship, Reuter passed the state examination for the higher teaching profession in the subjects of music and German in 1931.[15]

In particular, due to his Daghestanian Suite for Orchestra (1927), composed for the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Dagestan, and his conducting of Leipzig Arbeitergesangverein (Michaelsche Chöre), he lost his teaching positions after the Machtergreifung by the Nazis in 1933.[4] He also maintained contacts with Jewish musicians (et al. Alfred Szendrei]] of the Leipzig Symphony Orchestra, whose Dirigierkunde he was to publish in 1956) and social democratic politicians.[16] His works were banned from performance and the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft cancelled current contracts with Reuter.[4] Szendrei, who gave the world premieres of his Cello Concerto (1929 together with the cello virtuoso Fritz Schertel at the Mitteldeutsche Rundfunk AG[17]) and his cantata Huttens letzte Tage (1930 together with the baritone Karl Kamann[18]) had been responsible for, attested to the composer's "strong talent" in his autobiographical notes in 1970. Reuter and Szendrei became friends and – interrupted by the Second World War – maintained correspondence.[19]

Saxon school service

To make a living[16] and because he wanted to resume his profession,[3] he accommodated himself to those in power[4] and, with effect from 1 May 1933 he joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party member number 2.429.811) relatively early.[20] In 1934, he additionally became a member of the party organisations Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt and in the Nationalsozialistischer Lehrerbund.[4]

After the stations as Lehramtsreferendariat and assessor[16] he became Studienrat for music and German at the Rudolf-Hildebrand-Schule Markkleeberg[15] in Leipzig-Connewitz in 1934.[4] There he built up a pupils' wind orchestra.[16] In 1937, he moved to the Sächsisches Staatsministerium für Kultus in Dresden[4] and was given the "supervision of school music affairs" in the Gau Saxony.[16] In 1944, he was promoted to Oberstudienrat.[4] Until 1945, he taught at a secondary school in Dresden-Plauen.[15]

The music historian Fred K. Prieberg (2009) classified individual statements in older articles on Reuter as "pseudohistory". For example, he had held no "prominent offices" before 1933 – apart from his teaching duties – and then made a career in the teaching profession in the Third Reich.[21] On the other hand, in the 1940s, Reuter proposed to succeed Günther Ramin (Thomaskantor) as artistic director of the Musisches Gymnasium Leipzig, which had been founded by the National Socialists in 1941.[22]

Professor in Halle and Berlin

After the Second World War in 1945, he was initially dismissed from the teaching profession.[16] He became a member of the Free German Trade Union Federation[4] and was engaged by the Soviet occupation forces as dramaturge and Kapellmeister at the Volksoper in Dresden-Gittersee,[3] the later Landesbühnen Sachsen.[4] In 1946, his denazification took place, so he was able to prove, among other things, that he had supported a Jewish woman and had been under surveillance by the Gestapo.[4] According to his student Günther Noll (1997), he maintained contact "with his Jewish friends and helped them to escape, despite the existential dangers involved, also hiding them at his home".[16]

In 1949, he was appointed professor with a teaching assignment by the Landesregierung von Sachsen-Anhalt at the request of the Faculty of Education of Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg.[4] Unlike other former NSDAP members of the faculty, he did not become a member of a block party in the GDR.[23] In addition, Reuter taught music theory and composition at the Staatliche Hochschule für Theater und Musik Halle from 1950. In 1952, he was appointed professor with chair at the University of Halle.[4] Furthermore, he presided over the Institute for Music Education there as founding director from 1949 to 1955.[24] In Halle, Reuter established a year-long specialist course for music teachers who had served in the war and could thus catch up on their specialist qualifications.[25]

From 1955 until his Soviet-critical departure in 1962[26] he headed the Institute for Music Education at the Faculty of Education of the Humboldt University of Berlin. There he campaigned for the construction of a new concert hall.[4] Reuter's successor in Berlin was his student Werner Busch.[27]

From 1951 until he was replaced by Walther Siegmund-Schultze in 1955, Reuter was the first chairman of the Halle-Magdeburg district association of the Verband der Komponisten und Musikwissenschaftler der DDR.[28] Alongside Walter Draeger, Gerhard Wohlgemuth and others, he was one of the initiators of the 1st Hallische Musiktage, held in 1955, as a board member of the Halle Working Group.[29] It was also he who, in October 1954, had for the first time "concretised" the previously "raised idea of such music days.[30]

In the GDR, Reuter worked for a time as head of department[31] and chairman of the Scientific Advisory Council for Music Education at the Ministry of Higher and Technical Education (East Germany) as well as a member of the Scientific Council at the Ministerium für Volksbildung (DDR).[32] Ultimately, it is thanks to him that music education became a university discipline.[33]

Family and estate
Grave of Fritz and Erna Sophie Reuter at the Inner Plauen Cemetery in Dresden (2008)

Fritz Reuter was of Lutheran denomination[4] and was considered "deeply religious".[34] He had been married to the singer since 1924[35] Erna Sophie, née Votteler (1896–1968), married[6] and father of four children;[16] his son Rolf Reuter (1926–2007) became a conductor.[3] A year after his retirement, he died in 1963 in Dresden[36][37] and was buried in the Protestant Innerer Plauenscher Friedhof in Dresden-Plauen.

His estate (about nine metres of shelves) with autographs, letters among others is in the music department of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz.[38] On the 25th anniversary of Reuter's death (1988), a small exhibition on his person was opened at the same place.[39]

Further documents are located among others in the Saxon State and University Library Dresden, the Landesbibliothek Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Günther Uecker in Schwerin, the university library of the Hochschule für Musik und Theater "Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy" Leipzig, the Monacensia of the Münchner Stadtbibliothek and the Stadtbibliothek Trier as well as the Steven Swanson Collection in Frisco, Texas. A correspondence with his West Berlin colleague Hermann Grabner (former Leipzig Universitätsmusikdirektor) from 1951/52 was published in the Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe.[40]

Work

In the 1920s, Reuter was politicised by the German Youth Movement, whereby he tended to belong to the "left-wing" current.[31] Under National Socialism and later under Socialism, he adapted both as a composer and as a scientist.[31] According to Ludwig Holtmeier (2005), he "served the politically correct genres" in any case, experimenting with various cantatas as early as the late 1920s.[31] His wide-ranging[3] compositional œuvre (Heinz Wegener compiled a catalogue of works for the Gedenkschrift Fritz Reuter in 1966) amounts to ca. 300 works, some of which were destroyed during the war.[41] He composed vocal music (among others a Volksoratorium, seven cantatas, a mass, solo Lieder), stage music (among others four operas, two melodramas) and instrumental music (among others three symphonies, one concerto each for cello, violin and organ, several orchestral suites, piano and organ music).[4][41] Reuter's compositional path was marked "from a late romantic-expressionist beginning to melodic-sentence conciseness on the basis of polyphonic voice leading", as Dieter Härtwig (2005) noted.[3] According to Gilbert Stöck (2008), in the GDR Reuter "sometimes distanced himself critically from some dogmas of Socialist Realism" and pursued a neo-Romantic style.[28] Noll attested that the composer certainly had a penchant for "progressive stylistics".[42] Thus he was among others featured in concerts of the "New Music Section" of the Dresden chapter of the Cultural Association of the GDR (1949)[43] and the Hallische Musiktage (1955)[44] played. He had his first major success with the cantata Der Struwwelpeter (1930).[3] On a text by Ernst Wiechert, he created the oratorio Das Spiel vom deutschen Bettelmann around 1934.[3] Prieberg addressed problematic compositions by Reuter during the National Socialist era, such as the Sudetendeutsche Suite (1939), published by the Reichsverband für Volksmusik, whose title celebrated the cession of the Sudetenland.[21] Furthermore, individual works such as Der Mütter Kreis (1935) were performed at relevant cultural events, such as the NS-Frauenschaft and the Militant League for German Culture.[21] In 1937, he was presented alongside other Saxon composers at the "Gaukulturwoche" Saxony in Bautzen under Reichskulturkammer president Peter Raabe.[45] Between 1945 and 1949, several stage works were written among others the new arrangements of Pergolesi's Intermezzo La serva padrona[46] (1947) from 1733 and the ballet Henrikje (1947) by Inka Unverzagt.[4] In 1948, the comic opera Ein Funken Liebe (c. 1940) was premiered at the Dresden Volksoper.[47] Considered highly developed is its Weimarhalle reception (1948/49) of Goethe's Singspiel Jest, Cunning and Revenge,[48] Reuter's music was also performed in the GDR by the concert orchestra of his hometown, the Dresden Philharmonic.[49]

Reuter was a renowned music theorist.[31] Following the efforts of Salomon Jadassohn in the late 19th century, his Methodik des musiktheoretischen Unterrichts, published in 1929, was groundbreaking.[31] As early as 1926, he drew attention to the alienation of composition theory and music theory.[31] From this he concluded that music theory had to become more scientific and pedagogical.[31] Like his friend and colleague Sigfrid Karg-Elert, he advocated a polaristic and functional harmony.[3] Thus, Reuter's textbook Practical Harmonics of the 20th Century (1952) was directly based on his Polaristic Theory of Sound and Tonality.[50] Magret Hager (2005) called Reuter's work a "manifesto of polarism"[51] His efforts in the GDR drew a scholarly discourse in the journal Musik und Gesellschaft, in which Siegfried Bimberg, Christoph Hohlfeld and Johannes Piersig also participated.[52] The dispute culminated in conflict with Georg Knepler of the Hochschule für Musik "Hanns Eisler", who saw in Reuter a contradiction to dialectical materialism.[31] In the end, Hermann Grabner's monistic theory of function, which had its origins with Riemann, prevailed due to factual considerations.[31]

Holtmeier described him as one of the "founding fathers" of music education in Germany.[31] After Walter Clemens and Werner Busch, he "acquired an international reputation" in the field.[36] Already in the Weimar Republic he gave the first music pedagogical impulses, especially alongside Walter Kühn and Georg Schünemann.[53] Early on, Reuter rendered outstanding services to the "scientific foundation" of music education.[3] Reuter published, among other things. In 1926, he published an elementary work on music teacher training (Musikpädagogik in Grundzügen).[4] In 1929, his name appeared in Hugo Riemanns Musik-Lexikon.[54] Like Richard Wicke, he then attained an exposed position in music education in the GDR.[55] Wilfried Gruhn (1993) called him the Nestor of GDR music education[56] A 1973 GDR dissertation saw him as a pathfinder for a socialist school music education[57] In the 1950s he called for the inclusion of empirical social research in the discipline.[58] Already in the 1930s, he developed a distaste for musical modernity, especially Neue Musik.[31] Reuter saw the traditional use of tonality and consonance as the standard for music education.[42] Similar to Theodor W. Adorno, he also rejected light music and jazz. Reuter argued with Plato's Ethos doctrine.[59] According to Gerd Rienäcker (2010), he belonged, along with Hans-Georg Görner, Georg Trexler and Wilhelm Weismann, to a circle "that discredited contemporary music-making in the GDR through conservatism of various stripes".[60]

Compositions

He composed the operas Ein Funken Liebe (1948) and Scherz, List und Rache (1949); the melodrama Der Hase und der Igel (1961); the cantata Arbeit ist Leben (1960) and other choral works; 3 symphonies; chamber music; songs.[37]

Students

During his time as a university lecturer he supervised 19 dissertations[61] (among them: Siegfried Bimberg, Hella Brock, Walter Clemens, Werner Felix, Hans John, Rolf Lukowsky, Günther Müller, Günther Noll, Johannes Georg Pahn) and four habilitation theses[62] (Siegfried Bimberg, Hella Brock, Werner Busch and Rolf Lukowsky).[63]

Among his pupils, including conductors and composers, were his son Rolf Reuter[64][65] furthermore Heinz Roy[7] and Manfred Schubert[66] in Berlin, Günter Bust,[67] Günter Fleischhauer,[68] Horst Irrgang,[69] Erhard Ragwitz,[70] Gerhard Wohlgemuth[71] and Carlferdinand Zech[72] in Halle an der Saale and Benno Ammann,[73] Herbert Collum,[36] Musja Gottlieb,[74] Hans Heintze,[36] Franz Konwitschny,[3] Lars-Erik Larsson,[75] Werner Neumann, Assen Najdenow,[76] Otto Riemer,[77] Peter Schacht[78] and Georg Trexler[79] in Leipzig.

Honours and awards
  • 1955 Musikpreis für Komposition der Stadt Halle for his Concerto for Violin and Orchestra (1953)[3][31][80] — The Cologne musicologist Paul Mies (1965) noted in an analysis: 'The work [Violin Conerto] shows Reuter's artistry in the most beautiful light; it is masterful'.[81]
  • 1961 Vaterländischer Verdienstorden in Silber der DDR[31] — On the occasion of his 65th birthday (1961), a Festschrift was presented to him by his pupil Siegfried Bimberg. The celebrations in the new music hall of the Humboldt University of Berlin were attended by the Rector Kurt Schröder, the Dean of the Faculty of Education Kurt Haspas and the Deputy Minister of Culture Hans Pischner took part. In addition, Reuter received the Patriotic Order of Merit in Silver from the State Council of East Germany for his cultural-political services.[82]

At the Humboldt University in Berlin, the Fritz-Reuter-Saal in the Dorotheenstraße 24 was named after the music teacher. In 1958, a Alexander Schuke Potsdam Orgelbau was also installed in it.[83] Posthumously, a commemorative concert was dedicated to him at the Konzerthaus on his 100th birthday.[3]

Publications

Publisher

  • Klavierübung. 2 Teile in einem Heft, Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle 1951.
  • Alte Programm-Musik für Klavier. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle 1951.
  • Dirigierkunde (by Alfred Szendrei). 3. revised edition, VEB Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1956.

Books

  • Das musikalische Hören auf psychologischer Grundlage. C. F. Kahnt, Leipzig 1925; 2nd edition 1942.[37]
  • Musikpädagogik in Grundzügen. Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1926.[31]
  • Zur Methodik der Gehörübungen und des Musikdiktats. C. F. Kahnt, Leipzig 1927.[31]
  • Praktische Gehörbildung auf Grundlage der Tonika-Do-Lehre. C. F. Kahnt, Leipzig 1928.[31]
  • Harmonieaufgaben nach dem System Sigfrid Karg-Elerts. C. F. Kahnt, Leipzig 1928.[31]
  • Die Beantwortung des Fugenthemas. Dargestellt an den Themen von Bachs Wohltemperiertem Klavier. C. F. Kahnt, Leipzig 1929.[31]
  • Methodik des musiktheoretischen Unterrichts auf neuzeitlichen Grundlagen. E. Klett, Stuttgart 1929; Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle 1950; 2nd edition 1950.[37]
  • Der Kuckuck und der Esel. Kinderlieder – Bilderbuch – Klavierschule. Drawings by Erich Weber-Links, Compiler: Kurt Herzog. Junne, Main among others 1947.[31]
  • Praktisches Partitur-Spielen. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle/Saale 1951; 2nd edition, VEB Hofmeister, Leipzig 1954.[37]
  • Praktisches Generalbass-Spielen. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle/Saale 1951; 2nd edition, VEB Hofmeister, Leipzig 1955.[37]
  • Praktische Harmonik des 20. Jahrhunderts. Konsonanz- und Dissonanzlehre nach dem System von Sigfrid Karg-Elert mit Aufgaben. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle 1951.[37]
  • Grundlagen der Musikerziehung. VEB Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1962; Bulgarian translation 1968.[37]

Recording
  • Sonate für Violine und Klavier (Lausitzer Sonate) / Phantastische Suite für Flöte und Klavier op. 6 / Der Hase und Der Igel (Eterna/Nova, 1965) with Rolf Reuter, Barbara Reuter-Rau, Heinz Fügner, Ursula Wendler-Reuter and the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig – 1963 und 1964 recordings

Further reading

Reference works
  • Gabriele Baumgartner: Reuter, Fritz. In Gabriele Baumgartner, Dieter Hebig (ed.): Biographisches Handbuch der SBZ/DDR. 1945–1990. Vol. 2: Maaßen–Zylla. Addendum to Volume 1, K. G. Saur Verlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 978-3-598-11177-8, p. 707.
  • Carl Dahlhaus, Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht (ed.): Brockhaus-Riemann-Musiklexikon. In vier Bänden und einem Ergänzungsband. Vol. 3: L–Q. Schott, Mainz 1989, ISBN 978-3-7957-8303-7.
  • Paul Frank, Wilhelm Altmann: Kurzgefasstes Tonkünstler-Lexikon. Für Musiker und Freunde der Musik. Fortgeführt von Burchard Bulling, Florian Noetzel, Helmut Rösner. Zweiter Teil: Ergänzungen und Erweiterungen seit 1937. Vol. 1: L–Z. 15th edition, Heinrichshofen, Wilhelmshaven 1978, ISBN 978-3-7959-0087-8, p. 216.
  • Walter Habel (ed.): Wer ist wer? Das Deutsche Who’s Who. 12th edition by Herrmann A. L. Degener Wer ist's? Arani, Berlin 1955.
  • Dieter Härtwig: Reuter, Fritz. In Friedrich Blume (ed.): Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart (MGG). First edition, volume 11 (Rasch – Schnyder von Wartensee). Bärenreiter/Metzler, Kassel among others 1963, DNB-IDN 550439609
  • Härtwig, Dieter (2001). "Reuter, Fritz". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Siegmund Helms, Reinhard Schneider, Rudolf Weber: Neues Lexikon der Musikpädagogik. Personenteil, Bosse, Kassel 1994, ISBN 978-3-7649-2541-3, pp. 191f.
  • Ludwig Holtmeier: Reuter, Fritz. In Ludwig Finscher (ed.): Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Second edition, personal part, volume 13 (Paladilhe – Ribera). Bärenreiter/Metzler, Kassel among others 2005, ISBN 978-3-7618-1133-7, Sp. 1588–1590 (Online-edition, subscription required for full access)
  • Ernst Klee: Das Kulturlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. Vollständig überarbeitete Ausgabe, Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt 2009, ISBN 978-3-596-17153-8, p. 438.
  • Volker Klimpel: Berühmte Dresdner. Historisch-biographisches Handbuch bedeutender Persönlichkeiten, geboren in Dresden. Hellerau-Verlag, Dresden 2002, ISBN 978-3-910184-85-5, p. 136.
  • Wilhelm Kosch: Deutsches Theater-Lexikon. Biographisches und bibliographisches Handbuch. Vol. 3: Pallenberg–Singer. De Gruyter, Berlin 1992, ISBN 978-3-317-00456-5.
  • Erich H. Müller (ed.): Deutsches Musiker-Lexikon. W. Limpert-Verlag, Dresden 1929.
  • Fred K. Prieberg: Handbuch Deutsche Musiker 1933–1945. 2. Ed., Kopf, Kiel 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-037705-1, pp. 6104–6107.
  • Horst Seeger: Das grosse Lexikon der Oper. Über 12000 Stichwörter und Erklärungen. Pawlak, Herrsching 1985, ISBN 978-3-88199-243-5, p. 465.
  • Horst Seeger: Musiklexikon. In zwei Bänden. Vol. 2: L–Z. Deutscher Verlag für Musik VEB, Leipzig 1966, S. 337f.
  • Wolfgang Suppan: Das neue Lexikon des Blasmusikwesens. Edited in conjunction with the Bund Deutscher Blasmusikverbände, 3rd edition of the Lexikon des Blasmusikwesens., Freiburg-Tiengen 1988, ISBN 978-3-923058-04-4, p. 293.
  • Verband der Komponisten und Musikwissenschaftler der DDR, Musik-Informationszentrum (ed.): Komponisten und Musikwissenschaftler der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Kurzbiographien und Werkverzeichnisse. 2nd extended edition, Verlag Neue Musik, Berlin 1968, pp. 169–171.
  • Rudolf Vierhaus (ed.): Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie. Vol. 8: Poethen–Schlüter. 2nd, revised and expanded edition, K. G. Saur Verlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-598-25038-5, p. 346.

Essays and individual studies
  • Günther Eisenhardt: Fritz Reuters Engagement für die Harmonologik Karg-Elerts. In: Thomas Schinköth (ed.): Sigfrid Karg-Elert und seine Leipziger Schüler. Die Referate des Kolloquiums der Karg-Elert-Gesellschaft in Leipzig vom 1. bis 3. November 1996 (Mitteilungen der Karg-Elert-Gesellschaft. 1997/98). Von Bockel, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 978-3-928770-85-9, pp. 187–199.
  • Jonathan Gammert: Polarismus als Politikum. Die Musiktheorie Fritz Reuters und Sigfrid Karg-Elerts als Gegenstand einer ideologischen Kritik. In Musiktheorie 29 (2014) 1, pp. 51–64.
  • William Geissler: Fritz Reuter. Seine Entwicklung vom bürgerlichen Kapellmeister, Komponisten und Musikwissenschaftler zum Wegbereiter für eine sozialistische Schulmusikpädagogik. Dissertation A, Universität Halle 1973.
  • Magret Hager: Fritz Reuters Praktische Harmonik des 20. Jahrhunderts. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Musiktheorie. In Ariane Jessulat, Andreas Ickstadt, Martin Ullrich (ed.): Zwischen Komposition und Hermeneutik. Festschrift für Hartmut Fladt. Königshausen und Neumann, Würzburg 2005, ISBN 978-3-8260-3211-0, pp. 129–137.
  • Wolfgang Martin: Studien zur Musikpädagogik der Weimarer Republik. Ansätze einer Theorie des Musiklernens bei W. Kühn, F. Reuter, G. Schünemann und R. Wicke (Musikpädagogik. Vol. 19). Schott, Mainz among others 1982, ISBN 978-3-7957-1718-6.
  • Günther Noll: Fritz Reuter (1896–1963). Eine Hommage anläßlich seines 100. Geburtstages. In Rudolf-Dieter Kraemer (ed.): Musikpädagogische Biographieforschung. Fachgeschichte – Zeitgeschichte – Lebensgeschichte (Musikpädagogische Forschung. Vol. 18). Verlag Die Blaue Eule, Essen 1997, ISBN 978-3-89206-828-0, pp. 14–35.
  • Heinz Wegener (editorial processing): Gedenkschrift Fritz Reuter. In Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe 15 (1966) 3, pp. 307–457 (with contributions by Theodor Hoelty-Nickel, Siegfried Borris, Heinrich Besseler, Walther Siegmund-Schultze, Alfred Szendrei, Herbert Schulze among others).

References
  1. Suppan, Armin (2009). "Reuter, Fritz". Das Blasmusik-Lexikon: Komponisten – Autoren – Werke – Literatur (in German).
  2. Einstein, Alfred (1929). "Reuter, Fritz". Hugo Riemanns Musik-Lexikon (in German).
  3. Härtwig, Dieter (9 January 2008). "Biografie von Fritz Reuter (1896–1963) – ISGV e.V." Sächsische Biografie (in German). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  4. "Fritz Reuter". Catalogus Professorum Halensis (in German). 4 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  5. Günther Noll: Fritz Reuter (1896–1963). A tribute on the occasion of his 100th birthday. In Rudolf-Dieter Kraemer (ed.): Musikpädagogische Biographieforschung. Fachgeschichte – Zeitgeschichte – Lebensgeschichte (Music Education Research. Vol. 18). Verlag Die Blaue Eule, Essen 1997, ISBN 978-3-89206-828-0, pp. 14–35, here p. 20.
  6. Erich H. Müller (ed.): Deutsches Musiker-Lexikon. W. Limpert-Verlag, Dresden 1929.
  7. Ulrich Pogoda: Sorbische Orgelmusik – ein Überblick. In: Madlena Norberg, Peter Kosta (ed.): Sammelband zur sorbischen, wendischen Kultur und Identität (= Podstupimske pśinoski k Sorabistice. Nr. 8). Universitäts-Verlag, Potsdam 2008, ISBN 978-3-940793-35-5, pp. 80–84, here: p. 82.
  8. Walter Clemens, Werner Busch: Zum Gedenken an Fritz Reuter. In Heinz Wegener (editor): Gedenkschrift Fritz Reuter (Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe 15 (1966) 3). pp. I-VI, here: P. I.
  9. Günther Noll: Fritz Reuter (1896–1963). A tribute on the occasion of his 100th birthday. In Rudolf-Dieter Kraemer (ed.): Musikpädagogische Biographieforschung. Fachgeschichte – Zeitgeschichte – Lebensgeschichte (Music Education Research. Vol. 18). Verlag Die Blaue Eule, Essen 1997, ISBN 978-3-89206-828-0, pp. 14–35, here: p. 21.
  10. Association of German Composers and Musicologists, Music Information Centre (ed.): Komponisten und Musikwissenschaftler der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Short biographies and lists of works. 2nd expanded edition, Verlag Neue Musik, Berlin 1968, p. 169.
  11. Karl Josef Funk: Hermann Abert – Musiker, Musikwissenschaftler, Musikpädagoge. J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 978-3-476-45065-4, p. 361.
  12. ZDB-ID 2340592-2
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  14. Günther Noll: Fritz Reuter (1896–1963). A tribute on the occasion of his 100th birthday. In Rudolf-Dieter Kraemer (ed.): Musikpädagogische Biographieforschung. Fachgeschichte – Zeitgeschichte – Lebensgeschichte (Music Education Research. Vol. 18). Verlag Die Blaue Eule, Essen 1997, ISBN 978-3-89206-828-0, pp. 14–35, here p. 22.
  15. Walter Clemens, Werner Busch: Zum Gedenken an Fritz Reuter. In Heinz Wegener (Red. Ed.): Gedenkschrift Fritz Reuter (Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe 15 (1966) 3). pp. I–VI, here p. II.
  16. Günther Noll: Fritz Reuter (1896–1963). A tribute on the occasion of his 100th birthday. In Rudolf-Dieter Kraemer (ed.): Musikpädagogische Biographieforschung. Fachgeschichte – Zeitgeschichte – Lebensgeschichte (Music Education Research. Vol. 18). Verlag Die Blaue Eule, Essen 1997, ISBN 978-3-89206-828-0, pp. 14–35, here p. 23.
  17. Heinz Wegener: Bibliographie Fritz Reuter. In Ders. (Red. Ed.): Gedenkschrift Fritz Reuter (Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe 15 (1966) 3). pp. I–VIII, here P. IVf.
  18. Heinz Wegener: Bibliographie Fritz Reuter. In Ders. (Red. Ed.): Gedenkschrift Fritz Reuter (Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe 15 (1966) 3). pp. I–VIII, here p. III.
  19. Alfred Szendrei: "Meine Leipziger Jahre". In Max Pommer (ed.): In the turquoise-blue garden. The path of the Kapellmeister A. S. from Leipzig to emigration, told by himself. Verlag J. G. Seume, Leipzig among others 2014, ISBN 978-3-9814045-4-8, pp. 11–161, here p. 121.
  20. Fred K. Prieberg: Handbuch Deutsche Musiker 1933–1945. 2nd ed., Kopf, Kiel 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-037705-1, p. 6104.
  21. Fred K. Prieberg: Handbuch Deutsche Musiker 1933–1945. 2nd ed, Kopf, Kiel 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-037705-1, p. 6106.
  22. Werner Heldmann: Musisches Gymnasium Frankfurt 1939–1945. Eine Schule im Spannungsfeld von pädagogischer Verantwortung, künstlerischer Freiheit und politischer Doktrin. Lang, Frankfurt among others 2004, ISBN 978-3-631-51987-5, pp. 599f.
  23. Sonja Häder: Sozialporträt der Pädagogischen Fakultät der Universität Halle-Wittenberg von ihrer Gründung 1946/47 bis zu ihrer Auflösung 1955. Strukturwandel vs. bürgerliche Kontinuität. In Peter Hübner (ed.): Eliten im Sozialismus. Contributions to the Social History of the GDR (Contemporary Historical Studies. Vol. 15). Böhlau, Cologne among others 1999, ISBN 978-3-412-13898-1, pp. 381–403, here: [p. 395]
  24. Jan-Hendrik Olbertz: Traditionen und Perspektiven der Pädagogik in Halle. In Ders. (ed.): Erziehungswissenschaft. Traditions – Topics – Perspectives. Leske und Budrich, Opladen 1997, ISBN 978-3-8100-1674-4, pp. –51–86, here p. 77.
  25. Bernd Fröde, Walter Heise, Rudolf Weber: Interview mit Werner Kaden (* 1928). In This: Gleiches Bestreben in getrennten Ländern. Music Education in the Two German States after 1945 – Contemporary Witnesses Report (IfMpF-Monograph. No. 17). Institute for Music Education Research, Hanover 2007, ISBN 978-3-931852-77-1, pp. 251–293, here pp 259f.
  26. Günther Noll: Fritz Reuter (1896–1963). A tribute on the occasion of his 100th birthday. In Rudolf-Dieter Kraemer (ed.): Musikpädagogische Biographieforschung. Fachgeschichte – Zeitgeschichte – Lebensgeschichte (Music Education Research. Volume 18). Verlag Die Blaue Eule, Essen 1997, ISBN 978-3-89206-828-0, pp. 14–35, here: [p. 16]
  27. Bernd Fröde, Walter Heise, Rudolf Weber: Interview mit Hella Brock (* 1919). In Gleiches Bestreben in getrennten Ländern. Musikpädagogik in den beiden deutschen Staaten nach 1945 – Zeitzeugen berichten (IfMpF-Monographie. No. 17). Institut für Musikpädagogische Forschung, Hanover 2007, ISBN 978-3-931852-77-1, pp. 165–193, here p. 188.
  28. Gilbert Stöck: Neue Musik in den Bezirken Halle und Magdeburg zur Zeit der DDR. Kompositionen, Politik, Institutionen. Schröder, Leipzig 2008, ISBN 978-3-926196-50-7, p. 174.
  29. Thomas Buchholz (Red.): Hallische Musiktage 1955–2005. Edited by Landesverband Sachsen-Anhalt Deutscher Komponisten e. V., Halle (Saale) 2005, p. 5; buchholz-komponist.de (PDF).
  30. Gilbert Stöck: Neue Musik in den Bezirken Halle und Magdeburg zur Zeit der DDR. Kompositionen, Politik, Institutionen. Schröder, Leipzig 2008, ISBN 978-3-926196-50-7, p. 232 / Fn. 352.
  31. Ludwig Holtmeier, Reuter, Fritz, Biographie in: Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, hrsg. von Laurenz Lütteken, Kassel, Stuttgart, New York 2016ff., zuerst veröffentlicht 2005, online veröffentlicht 2016, https://www.mgg-online.com/mgg/stable/47586 (subscription required)
  32. Werner Busch: Zum Geleit. In Heinz Wegener (editor): Gedenkschrift Fritz Reuter (Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe 15 (1966) 3). o. p.
  33. Bernd Fröde, Rudolf Weber: Interview mit Lothar Höchel (* 1931). In Bernd Fröde, Walter Heise, Rudolf Weber: Gleiches Bestreben in getrennten Ländern. Musikpädagogik in den beiden deutschen Staaten nach 1945 – Zeitzeugen berichten (IfMpF-Monographie. Nr. 17). Institut für Musikpädagogische Forschung, Hanover 2007, ISBN 978-3-931852-77-1, pp. 383–411, here p. 391.
  34. Günther Noll: Fritz Reuter (1896–1963). A tribute on the occasion of his 100th birthday. In Rudolf-Dieter Kraemer (ed.): Musikpädagogische Biographieforschung. Fachgeschichte – Zeitgeschichte – Lebensgeschichte (Music Education Research. Volume 18). Verlag Die Blaue Eule, Essen 1997, ISBN 978-3-89206-828-0, pp. 14–35, here p. 19.
  35. H.L.: Jugendkonzerte im Stundenplan. Way and work of the general music director Rolf Reuter. In Neue Zeit, 14 April 1962, Jg. 18, 89 edition, p. 3.
  36. Walter Clemens, Werner Busch: Zum Gedenken an Fritz Reuter. In Heinz Wegener (Red. Ed.): Gedenkschrift Fritz Reuter (Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe 15 (1966) 3). pp. I-VI, here p. V.
  37. Robijns, J.; Zijlstra, Miep (1983). "Reuter, Fritz". Algemene muziek encyclopedie (in Dutch).
  38. Fred K. Prieberg: Handbuch Deutsche Musiker 1933–1945. 2nd ed., Kopf, Kiel 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-037705-1, pp. 9567f.
  39. Fritz-Reuter-Ausstellung in der Staatsbibliothek. In the Berliner Zeitung, 7 July 1988, Jg. 44, edition 159, p. 7.
  40. Vgl. Hermann Grabner: Briefwechsel mit Fritz Reuter. In Heinz Wegener (Red. Bearb.): Gedenkschrift Fritz Reuter (Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe 15 (1966) 3). pp. 343–345.
  41. Günther Noll: Fritz Reuter (1896-1963). A tribute on the occasion of his 100th birthday. In Rudolf-Dieter Kraemer (ed.): Musikpädagogische Biographieforschung. Fachgeschichte - Zeitgeschichte - Lebensgeschichte (Music Education Research. Volume 18). Verlag Die Blaue Eule, Essen 1997, ISBN 978-3-89206-828-0, pp. 14–35, here p. 29.
  42. Günther Noll: Fritz Reuter (1896–1963). A tribute on the occasion of his 100th birthday. In Rudolf-Dieter Kraemer (ed.): Musikpädagogische Biographieforschung. Fachgeschichte – Zeitgeschichte – Lebensgeschichte (Music Education Research. Vol. 18). Verlag Die Blaue Eule, Essen 1997, ISBN 978-3-89206-828-0, pp. 14–35, here p. 25
  43. Stefan Weiss: Der Dresdner Kulturbund und die Neue Musik (1946–1950). In Matthias Herrmann, Hanns-Werner Heister (ed.): Dresden und die avancierte Musik im 20. Jahrhundert. Bericht über das vom Dresdner Zentrum für Zeitgenössische Musik und vom Institut für Musikwissenschaft der Hochschule für Musik „Carl Maria von Weber“ Dresden veranstaltete Kolloquium (Musik in Dresden. Vol. 5). Part 2: 1933–1966. Laaber, Laaber 2002, ISBN 978-3-89007-510-5, pp. 213–226, here p. 226.
  44. Thomas Buchholz (Red.): Hallische Musiktage 1955-2005. Published by Landesverband Sachsen-Anhalt Deutscher Komponisten e. V., Halle (Saale) 2005, p. 12 (PDF (PDF) ).
  45. Dieter Härtwig: Die Dresdner Philharmonie zwischen Paul van Kempen und Heinz Bongartz. On premieres and first performances from 1934 to 1964. In Matthias Herrmann, Hanns-Werner Heister (ed.): Dresden and Advanced Music in the 20th Century. Report on the colloquium organised by the Dresden Centre for Contemporary Music and the Institute for Musicology of the Hochschule für Musik "Carl Maria von Weber" Dresden (Music in Dresden. VOl. 5). Part 2: 1933-1966. Laaber, Laaber 2002, ISBN 978-3-89007-510-5, pp. 189–202, here: [p. 194]
  46. Ernst Krause: Oper A-Z. An opera guide. 2nd, improved and expanded edition, Deutscher Verlag für Musik VEB, Leipzig 1978, p. 358.
  47. Hansjörg Schneider: Hoffnung zwischen Trümmern. Dresdner Theater nach 1945 (Dresdner Miniaturen. Volume 7). Hellerau-Verlag, Dresden 1999, ISBN 978-3-910184-66-4, p. 62.
  48. Jörg Krämer: Die Rezeption von Goethes Singspielen - zeitgenössische Wirkungen und spätere Annäherungen. In Gabriele Busch-Salmen (ed.): Goethe-Handbuch. Supplemente, volume 1: Musik und Tanz in den Bühnenwerken. Metzler, Stuttgart among otheers 2008, ISBN 978-3-476-01846-5, pp. 75–96, here p. 94
  49. Dieter Härtwig: Die Dresdner Philharmonie zwischen Paul van Kempen und Heinz Bongartz. On premieres and first performances from 1934 to 1964. In Matthias Herrmann, Hanns-Werner Heister (ed.): Dresden und die avancierte Musik im 20. Jahrhundert. Bericht über das vom Dresdner Zentrum für Zeitgenössische Musik und vom Institut für Musikwissenschaft der Hochschule für Musik „Carl Maria von Weber“ Dresden veranstaltete Kolloquium (Musik in Dresden. Vol. 5). Part 2: 1933–1966. Laaber, Laaber 2002, ISBN 978-3-89007-510-5, pp. 189–202, here pp 200f.
  50. Jonathan Gammert: Polarism as Politics. Fritz Reuter's and Sigfrid Karg-Elert's Music Theory as the Subject of an Ideological Critique. In Music Theory 29 (2014) 1, pp. 51–64, here p. 52
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  52. Günther Eisenhardt: Fritz Reuter's Engagement for Karg-Elert's Harmonology. In Thomas Schinköth (ed.): Sigfrid Karg-Elert und seine Leipziger Schüler. The papers of the colloquium of the Karg-Elert Society in Leipzig from 1 to 3 November 1996 (Mitteilungen der Karg-Elert-Gesellschaft. 1997/98). Von Bockel, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 978-3-928770-85-9, pp. 187–199, here p. 191ff.
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  54. Alfred Einstein (ed.): Hugo Riemanns Musik-Lexikon. 11th edition, M. Hesse, Berlin 1929, p. 1499.
  55. Wolfgang Martin: Studien zur Musikpädagogik der Weimarer Republik. Ansätze einer Theorie des Musiklernens bei W. Kühn, F. Reuter, G. Schünemann und R. Wicke (Music Education. Vol. 19). Schott, Mainz among others 1982, ISBN 978-3-7957-1718-6, p. 13.
  56. Wilfried Gruhn: Geschichte der Musikerziehung. Eine Kultur- und Sozialgeschichte vom Gesangunterricht der Aufklärungspädagogik zu ästhetisch-kultureller Bildung. Wolke-Verag, Hofheim 1993, ISBN 978-3-923997-55-8, p. 399.
  57. Cf. William Geissler: Fritz Reuter. His Development from a Bourgeois Kapellmeister, Composer and Musicologist to a Pioneer for a Socialist School Music Education. Dissertation A, University of Halle 1973.
  58. Maria Luise Schulten, Kai Stefan Lothwesen: Empirisches Forschen in der Musikpädagogik. In This. (ed.): Methods of empirical research in music education. An application-oriented introduction. Waxmann, Münster 2017, ISBN 978-3-8309-3590-2, pp. 9–26, here pp. 14f.
  59. Wilfried Gruhn: Geschichte der Musikerziehung. Eine Kultur- und Sozialgeschichte vom Gesangunterricht der Aufklärungspädagogik zu ästhetisch-kultureller Bildung. Wolke-Verag, Hofheim 1993, ISBN 978-3-923997-55-8, p. 401.
  60. Frank Kämpfer in conversation with Gerd Rienäcker: ... von moralischen Konnotationen befreien. On GDR music history before and after 1989/90. In Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 171 (2010) 2, pp. 12–15, here p. 13.
  61. Heinz Wegener: Bibliographie Fritz Reuter. In Ders. (Red. Ed.): Gedenkschrift Fritz Reuter (Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe 15 (1966) 3). pp. I-VIII, here [p. VII].
  62. Heinz Wegener: Bibliographie Fritz Reuter. In Ders. (Red. Ed.): Gedenkschrift Fritz Reuter (Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe 15 (1966) 3). p. I-VIII, here p. VIII.
  63. Günther Noll: Fritz Reuter (1896–1963). A tribute on the occasion of his 100th birthday. In Rudolf-Dieter Kraemer (ed.): Musikpädagogische Biographieforschung. Fachgeschichte – Zeitgeschichte – Lebensgeschichte (Music Education Research. Vol. 18). Verlag Die Blaue Eule, Essen 1997, ISBN 978-3-89206-828-0, , here p. 28.
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