Fredrick de Saram

Colonel Fredrick Cecil "Derek" de Saram OBE, CA (5 September 1912 – 11 April 1983) was a Sri Lankan lawyer, a Ceylon cricket captain, and an officer of the Ceylon Army. He led the attempted military coup of 1962.[1]

Fredrick Cecil de Saram
de Saram in 1947
Nickname(s)Derek, Derrick
Born(1912-09-05)5 September 1912
Colombo, Ceylon
Died11 April 1983(1983-04-11) (aged 70)
Colombo
Allegiance Sri Lanka
Service/branchCeylon Army,
Ceylon Defence Force
RankColonel
UnitCeylon Artillery
Commands heldCommanding officer, Ceylon Artillery
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsOBE (Military Division)
Fredrick de Saram
Cricket information
BattingRight-handed
Domestic team information
YearsTeam
1933–1936Hertfordshire
1934–1935Oxford University
Career statistics
Competition First-class
Matches 40
Runs scored 2789
Batting average 38.84
100s/50s 6/13
Top score 208
Balls bowled 114
Wickets 0
Bowling average –
5 wickets in innings –
10 wickets in match –
Best bowling –
Catches/stumpings 17/–
Source: Cricket Archive, 23 October 2015

Family and education

Born to Frederick De Saram, a Proctor, and Myra Loos, De Saram was educated at Royal College, Colombo, where he was Head Prefect and school cricket captain. He also won the coveted Dornhorst Memorial Prize. He then attended Keble College, Oxford, where he earned Blues in cricket and tennis. He was captain of the university cricket team.

Cricket career

A right-handed batsman, De Saram made 128 playing for Oxford University against the Australians in 1934. The Australian side included Stan McCabe, Chuck Fleetwood-Smith and Clarrie Grimmett.[2] In his 40 first-class games for Ceylon and Oxford University, De Saram made 2789 runs at an average of 39.84 with six centuries and a highest score of 208. He captained the Ceylon cricket team from 1949 to 1954. For his service to sports, he was made an Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) (Civil Division) in the 1950 King's Birthday honours list.

In later years he coached his alma mater, Royal College Colombo in Cricket. He was also actively involved with S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia, and was conferred the status of being an honorary Thomian. He was cricket coach for Royal College Colombo, when his son, D. A. de Saram, played for St Thomas' as a coloursman at the Royal Thomian Cricket encounter.

After his return to Ceylon, he became a barrister in the law firm, D. L. & F. De Saram one of the oldest law firms in the country, which was founded by his grandfather.

Military service

Joining the Ceylon Garrison Artillery (CGA) as a reservist, De Saram became a well-respected figure amongst his men. Mobilized for active service during World War II, he served as a Major in the 2nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, CGA which was deployed to defend the vital Royal Navy base at Trincomalee. De Saram was battery commander of the anti-aircraft batteries deployed at Diamond Hill, Hoodstower and he personally commanded the Ostenberg anti-aircraft battery which provided air defence of Trincomalee during the Japanese attack on Trincomalee on 9 April 1942. Later he was approached by British Intelligence to serve with their underground should Ceylon fall to the Japanese in 1942.[3] In 1946 as a Major, De Saram served on the staff of the Governor of Ceylon as an Extra Aide-de-camp to the Governor.[4]

After the war, when Ceylon gained independence and the Ceylon Army was formed in 1949, De Saram was one of many officers of the Ceylon Defence Force who were absorbed into it as regular force. For his military service he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) (Military Division) in the 1950 King's new years honours list. Promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, he became the first commanding officer, 1st Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment which became the first regular regiment of the Ceylon Artillery. In 1956, De Saram, reverted to the volunteer force and became commanding officer, 2 (Volunteer) Light Anti Aircraft Regiment. Promoted to Colonel he was appointed as the Deputy Commandant of the Ceylon Volunteer Force in 1960.[5]

Coup

De Saram was a member of the Christian elite that saw a gradual erosion of their influence and position in the country following the Sinhalazisation process started by De Saram's cousin, S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, and carried on by Sirimavo Bandaranaike. Thus, De Saram, along with several other disgruntled Christian officers of the army, navy and police, began to plot a coup along the lines of that waged by General Ayub Khan.

The coup d'état was planned for midnight on 27 January 1962 under the leadership of De Saram with the support of troops from the Ceylon Artillery and Ceylon Armoured Corps as well as several other volunteer units. The plan was the detain the Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike at Temple Trees, the official residence of the prime minister, and round up government ministers, the Permanent Secretary for Defence and External affairs, the Inspector General of Police, DIG (CID), SP (CID), the Acting Navy Commander, and the Army Commander. Colombo would be placed under curfew and cut off from regular army units from the Panagoda Cantonment. After the coup members gained control, De Saram as General Officer Commanding Ceylon would command all military establishments and have Governor General Sir Oliver Goonetilleke dissolve parliament.

However, an officer, who had been brought in on the plot the morning of the set date, warned the government and several of the plotters were arrested. De Saram drove to Temple Trees alone, but there he was arrested. Since no actual coup had taken place, the government had no real evidence to use to punish the accused and thus confined them to solitary confinement in hope of getting a confession. De Saram confessed taking sole responsibility of the coup. This would go on to become the prosecution's main article of evidence. On 3 June 1963, De Saram was convicted along with 11 of the other 24 accused to 10 years in jail as well confiscation of property after laws had been specially modified by the government in order to convict the plotters. The conviction was eventually overruled on appeal to the Privy Council, which ruled that the new Act had denied fair trial.[6]

Later life

De Saram spent much of the 1970s as a partner of DL and F De Saram and coaching the Royal College, Colombo cricket and rugby teams. He died on 11 April 1983 at age 70.

Family

De Saram married Nedra Obeysekera, daughter of Stanley Obeysekera. They had two daughters, Tara and Oosha, who both excelled in sports at a national level, Tara in swimming and Oosha in both swimming and tennis. Julian Bolling and Dipika Chanmugam are De Saram's grandchildren.

See also

References
  1. "The story of De Saram and Satha: batting geniuses who went to jail". The Cricket Monthly. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  2. "Oxford University v Australians 1934". CricketArchive. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  3. Coup of 1962: an inside story, by former diplomat T. D. S. A. Dissanayaka, son of C.C. "Jungle" Dissanayake Archived 5 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  4. 1946 Fergusons Ceylon Directory (PDF). Fergusons. p. 42. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  5. "Sri Lanka Army At Seventy: Recalling The First Decade". Island. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  6. "OPERATION HOLDFAST": THE ATTEMPTED COUP D’ETAT OF JAN 1962
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