Francisco Tito Yupanqui

Francisco Tito Yupanqui (1550–1616) was an indigenous Bolivian sculptor. He sculptured renowned Roman Catholic wood statues such as the Blessed Virgin Mary in Bolivia, known as Our Lady of Candles (also known as Our Lady of Copacabana), one of the most celebrated Marian images located at Lake Titicaca in Bolivia.

Francisco Tito Yupanqui
Statue of Tito Yupanqui in Copacabana
Born	1550 Copacabana
Died	1616 (65-66) Cusco, Spanish Bolivia
Occupation	Sculptor
Known for	Sculpture, wood-carving, Marian images
Notable work	Virgen de Copacabana (1583)

Background

Yupanqui was born in Copacabana of Tola and Francisco Tito Yupanqui Sr. His family were Anansayas, or descendants of Quechua people who relocated to Copacabana with the Inca.[1] He came from a family recently converted to Roman Catholicism by the Dominican priests but like many of the time, retained some of the Aymara religious beliefs.

Our Lady of Copacabana

Under the influence of the Dominicans, Yupanqui's monotheistic beliefs increased while studying religion and started admiring the works of European religious art. Legend has it that one night, a beautiful woman carrying in her arms a child appeared in the fourth month of the Indian calendar and was charged with the task of making the image. This image later became known as Nuestra Senora de Virgen de la Candelaria or Our Virgin Lady of the Candles. Father Antonio Montoro, who was the presiding parish priest at the time insisted that the image of the virgin be likened to European faces, but Yupanqui insisted that the face of the statue be likened that to the native people of Bolivia.

Later art career

Later in his life, Yupanqui created three other replicas of his famed Marian image and sent to three different places. One statue resides in Cocharcas, Peru while another one is located in Pucarani, Bolivia and another was sent to Tucumán in northern Argentina. The sculpture Our Lady of Cocharcas is attributed to him

Death and sainthood

Yupanqui later died in 1616 in the monastery of Oblates of the Order of Saint Augustine in Cusco, Bolivia.

The statue Yupanqui made was crowned Queen of Bolivia on August 1, 1925 by the Republic of Bolivia, as accorded with national honors by the centenary of the country, with the participation of President Bautista Saavedra, officiating Archbishop Augusto Sieffert in a solemn High Mass and religious ceremony, along with Monsignor Gaetano Cicognani, the Apostolic Nuncio to Bolivia sent by Pope Pius XI.

In 2011, the Roman Catholic Bishops' Conference of Bolivia petitioned the Holy See to canonize Yupanqui as the first saint of Bolivia.[2]

References

1. Dean, Carolyn. "The Renewal of Old World Images and the Creation of Colonial Peruvian Visual Culture" in Converging Cultures: Art & Identity in Spanish American. Page 175
2. "News from the Vatican - News about the Church - Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va.