Foreign-trade zones of the United States

In the United States, a foreign-trade zone (FTZ) is a geographical area, in (or adjacent to) a United States Port of Entry, where commercial merchandise, both domestic and foreign receives the same Customs treatment it would if it were outside the commerce of the United States. The purpose of such zones is to help American businesses to be competitive in the global economy by reducing tariff burdens on the importation of foreign inputs and on exported finished products.[1] Another definition of an FTZ states that it is an isolated, enclosed and policed area operated as a public utility, furnished with facilities for loading, unloading, handling, storing, manipulating, manufacturing and exhibiting goods and for reshipping them by land, water or air.[2] Merchandise of every description may be held in the zone without being subject to tariffs (customs duties) and other ad valorem taxes. This tariff and tax relief is designed to lower the costs of U.S.-based operations engaged in international trade and thereby create and retain the employment and capital investment opportunities that result from those operations.

1937 poster celebrating the United States' first foreign trade zone, Staten Island

These special geographic areas – foreign-trade zones – are established "in or adjacent to" U.S. Ports of Entry and are under the supervision of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection under the United States Homeland Security Council. The relevant state government must also have passed a law enabling the establishment of such zones.

Since 1986, U.S. Customs' oversight of FTZ operations has been conducted on an audit-inspection basis known as Compliance Reviews, whereby compliance is assured through audits and spot checks under a surety bond, rather than through on-site supervision by Customs personnel.[3]

There are over 230 foreign-trade zone projects and nearly 400 subzones in the United States.[4][5][6]

History

The U.S. foreign-trade zones program was created by the Foreign-Trade Zones Act of 1934. The Foreign-Trade Zones Act was one of two key pieces of legislation passed in 1934 in an attempt to mitigate some of the destructive effects of the Smoot-Hawley Tariffs, which had been imposed in 1930. The Foreign-Trade Zones Act was created to "expedite and encourage foreign commerce" in the United States.

Through World War II, manufacturing activity was allowed only on a very limited basis. In 1950, the original act was amended to open up FTZs to manufacturing, but it had little impact until 1980. In that year, Congress again amended the act so that products manufactured in the zones would not be assessed on U.S. value-added. This ensured that the only tariffs a producer inside the zone selling to U.S. customers would pay, would be on the raw materials imported into the zone. This "integrated" model, which replaced the previous "island" model, spurred growth in the U.S. foreign-trade zones program.[4]

Benefits

U.S. FTZs pose multiple benefits, other than duty deferred and inverted tariff, which companies can use to benefit their bottom line. However, a majority of companies are not utilizing FTZs to their full potential because sometimes the unknown creates uncertainty.[7]

Some of the benefits of operating a FTZ include:[8]

  • Improved inventory management
  • Automated recordkeeping and document storage
  • Increased visibility of the supply chain
  • Improved cash flow
  • Improved company compliance
  • Lessened U.S. regulatory agency requirements for re-export

Inverted tariff

Inverted tariff benefits exist when the duty rate for the overall finished good is lower than the duty rate of the component parts. Therefore, by manufacturing finished goods within an FTZ, US importers can take advantage of the inverted tariff duty rate, all while keeping manufacturing operations within the US. Inverted tariff works when an importer with manufacturing authority within an FTZ is allowed to admit their components into the zone duty-free, manufacture the finished good, and pay CBP duties on the foreign content in the finished good at the lower duty rate of the finished goods at the time of entry. The importer avoids paying the higher duty rate on the component parts and defers the lower duty payment on the value of the foreign content until the time of consumption in the commerce of the US. Inverted tariff is seen predominantly in the manufacturing industry, benefiting automotive, petroleum, pharmaceutical, aerospace, electronics, textile companies and many more.[9]

Business in FTZs

Any company in any industry can apply to be a part of an FTZ. Companies importing to the U.S. on a regular basis and in high volume are the main participants. It is a way to reduce importing costs and save money by participating in special Customs procedures and simplifies processes to run more efficient inventory control systems.

The process to register into one used to be lengthy — 9 to 12 months, depending on the industry and if a FTZ is being created or if you are participating in one that already exists.[10] This changed in 2011, when Alternative Site Framework (ASF) was introduced.

Alternative Site Framework

Alternative Site Framework (ASF) provides a streamlined process for foreign-trade zone grantees to quickly expand operations within their given service area. Grantees that have transitioned over to ASF are granted 2,000 "virtual" acres to designate sites within their service area, sometimes as quickly as thirty (30) days. As opposed to the Traditional Site Framework, this ASF option doesn't require a grantee to go through a traditional boundary modification for expansion purposes.[11] Companies now have the option to select between establishing their business in a Usage Driven Site or a Magnet Site.

Usage-driven sites

Usage-driven sites are sites within a grantee's service area, that must go through a designation and activation process with the grantee and the Foreign-Trade Zone Board prior to initiating operations. Under ASF, usage-driven sites replace the role that subzones once held – allowing companies to operate under FTZ status while being located outside of what used to be called "general purpose zones" or now known as magnet sites under ASF.[12]

Magnet sites

Magnet sites are usually industrial parks or multi-tenant sites within a grantee's service area, which have already been designated by the Foreign-Trade Zone Board. Once a company that's established in said industrial park wants to operate as an FTZ, it must only go through the designation process with the help of the grantee and local Customs. Under ASF, magnet sites replace the role that general purpose zones once held – industrial parks that serve commerce as a public utility.

Subzones

A foreign-trade subzone is an area approved by the Foreign-Trade Zones Board for use by a specific company. Foreign-trade subzone companies enjoy all the same benefits as foreign-trade zone companies, but subzones are located outside existing general-purpose sites within 60 miles of the port of entry. Subzones allow companies that import and/or re-export products to take advantage of foreign-trade zone benefits without having to physically relocate within the Foreign-Trade Zone general purpose sites. These sites are becoming obsolete with the implementation of ASF.

Alternate options – file for drawback

Companies have the ability, utilizing drawback filings, to recoup up to 99% of the duties paid on goods previously imported into the US, that are later exported and drawback can be claimed for goods exported up to three years prior to filing a claim with Customs.[13]

List of zones

Foreign-Trade Zones in the United States[14]
State Zone Grantee CBP Port of Entry
AlabamaFTZ 82City of MobileMobile
AlabamaFTZ 83Huntsville-Madison County Airport AuthorityHuntsville
AlabamaFTZ 98City of BirminghamBirmingham
AlabamaFTZ 222Montgomery Area Chamber of CommerceBirmingham
AlabamaFTZ 233Dothan-Houston County Foreign-Trade Zone, Inc.Panama City
AlaskaFTZ 108City of ValdezValdez
AlaskaFTZ 160Port of AnchorageAnchorage
AlaskaFTZ 195Fairbanks Economic Development Corp.Fairbanks
AlaskaFTZ 232Kodiak Island BoroughKodiak
ArizonaFTZ 60Nogales-Santa Cruz County Economic Development Foundation, Inc.Nogales
ArizonaFTZ 75City of PhoenixPhoenix
ArizonaFTZ 139Arizona Regional Economic Development FoundationNaco
ArizonaFTZ 174Sun Corridor, Inc.Tucson
ArizonaFTZ 219Greater Yuma Economic Development Corp.San Luis
ArizonaFTZ 221City of MesaPhoenix
ArizonaFTZ 277Greater Maricopa Foreign Trade Zone, Inc.Phoenix
ArkansasFTZ 14Arkansas Department of Industrial DevelopmentLittle Rock
ArkansasFTZ 273City of West Memphis Public Facilities BoardMemphis
CaliforniaFTZ 3San Francisco Port CommissionSan Francisco
CaliforniaFTZ 18City of San JoseSan Jose
CaliforniaFTZ 50Board of Harbor Commissioners of the Port of Long BeachLos Angeles / Long Beach
CaliforniaFTZ 56City of OaklandSan Francisco
CaliforniaFTZ 143Port of SacramentoSacramento
CaliforniaFTZ 153City of San DiegoSan Diego
CaliforniaFTZ 191City of Palmdale Economic DevelopmentLos Angeles / Long Beach
CaliforniaFTZ 202Board of Harbor Commissioners of the City of Los AngelesLos Angeles / Long Beach
CaliforniaFTZ 205Board of Harbor Commissioners, Oxnard Harbor DistrictPort Hueneme
CaliforniaFTZ 226Board of Supervisors of the County of MercedFresno
CaliforniaFTZ 231Port of StocktonStockton
CaliforniaFTZ 236City of Palm SpringsPalm Springs
CaliforniaFTZ 243City of VictorvilleVictorville
CaliforniaFTZ 244March Joint Powers AuthorityLos Angeles / Long Beach
CaliforniaFTZ 248City of EurekaEureka
CaliforniaFTZ 257County of ImperialCalexico
CaliforniaFTZ 276Kern CountyMeadows Field Airport
ColoradoFTZ 112Colorado Springs Foreign-Trade Zone, Inc.Denver
ColoradoFTZ 123City and County of DenverDenver
ColoradoFTZ 293Town of LimonDenver
ConnecticutFTZ 71Economic and Industrial Development Commission of Windsor LocksHartford
ConnecticutFTZ 76Bridgeport Port AuthorityBridgeport
ConnecticutFTZ 162Greater New Haven Chamber of CommerceNew Haven
ConnecticutFTZ 208New London Foreign Trade Zone CommissionNew London
DelawareFTZ 99State of DelawareWilmington
FloridaFTZ 25Broward CountyPort Everglades
FloridaFTZ 32Greater Miami Foreign Trade Zone, Inc.Miami
FloridaFTZ 42Greater Orlando Aviation AuthorityOrlando
FloridaFTZ 64Jacksonville Port AuthorityJacksonville
FloridaFTZ 65Panama City Port AuthorityPanama City
FloridaFTZ 79City of TampaTampa
FloridaFTZ 135Port of Palm Beach DistrictWest Palm Beach
FloridaFTZ 136Canaveral Port AuthorityPort Canaveral
FloridaFTZ 166Vision Foreign-Trade Zone, Inc.Miami
FloridaFTZ 169Manatee County Port AuthorityPort Manatee
FloridaFTZ 180Wynwood Community Economic Development Corp.Miami
FloridaFTZ 193Pinellas County Economic DevelopmentSt. Petersburg
FloridaFTZ 198Volusia County Foreign-Trade ZoneDaytona Beach
FloridaFTZ 213Lee County Port AuthorityFort Myers
FloridaFTZ 215Sebring Airport AuthorityPort Manatee
FloridaFTZ 218Treasure Coast Foreign Trade Zone, Inc.Fort Pierce Station
FloridaFTZ 241City of Fort LauderdalePort Everglades
FloridaFTZ 249Pensacola-Escambia County Promotion & Development CommissionPensacola
FloridaFTZ 250Sanford Airport AuthoritySanford
FloridaFTZ 281Miami-Dade CountyMiami
FloridaFTZ 292City of LeesburgLeesburg
GeorgiaFTZ 26Georgia Foreign-Trade Zone, Inc.Atlanta
GeorgiaFTZ 104World Trade Center Savannah, LLCSavannah
GeorgiaFTZ 144Brunswick and Glynn County Development AuthorityBrunswick
HawaiiFTZ 9State of HawaiiHonolulu
IdahoFTZ 242County of BoundaryEastport
IdahoFTZ 280Southwest Idaho Manufacturers’ AllianceBoise
IllinoisFTZ 22Illinois International Port DistrictChicago
IllinoisFTZ 31America’s Central Port DistrictSt. Louis
IllinoisFTZ 114Economic Development Council for Central IllinoisPeoria
IllinoisFTZ 133Quad-City Foreign-Trade Zone, Inc.Davenport / Moline / Rock Island
IllinoisFTZ 146Bi-State AuthorityEvansville
IllinoisFTZ 176Greater Rockford Airport AuthorityRockford
IllinoisFTZ 245Economic Development Corporation of Decatur & Macon CountyDecatur
IllinoisFTZ 271Jo-Carroll Foreign Trade Zone BoardDavenport / Moline / Rock Island
IndianaFTZ 72Indianapolis Airport AuthorityIndianapolis
IndianaFTZ 125St. Joseph County Airport AuthorityChicago
IndianaFTZ 152Ports of IndianaChicago
IndianaFTZ 170Ports of IndianaLouisville
IndianaFTZ 177Ports of IndianaEvansville
IndianaFTZ 182City of Fort WayneFort Wayne
IowaFTZ 107The Iowa Foreign Trade Zone Corp.Des Moines
IowaFTZ 133Quad-City Foreign-Trade Zone, Inc.Davenport / Moline / Rock Island
IowaFTZ 175Cedar Rapids Airport CommissionDes Moines
IowaFTZ 288Northwest Iowa Development Corp.Sioux Falls
KansasFTZ 17Greater Kansas City FTZ, Inc.Kansas City
KansasFTZ 161Board of Commissioners of Sedgwick CountyWichita
KentuckyFTZ 29Louisville & Jefferson County Riverport AuthorityLouisville
KentuckyFTZ 47Greater Cincinnati FTZ, Inc.Cincinnati
KentuckyFTZ 294Paducah-McCracken County Riverport AuthorityEvansville
LouisianaFTZ 2Board of Commissioners of the Port of New OrleansNew Orleans
LouisianaFTZ 87Lake Charles Harbor & Terminal DistrictLake Charles
LouisianaFTZ 124Port of South LouisianaGramercy
LouisianaFTZ 145Caddo-Bossier Parishes Port CommissionShreveport
LouisianaFTZ 154Greater Baton Rouge Port CommissionBaton Rouge
LouisianaFTZ 261England Economic & Industrial Development DistrictMorgan City
LouisianaFTZ 279Houma-Terrebonne Airport CommissionMorgan City
LouisianaFTZ 291Cameron Parish Port, Harbor and Terminal DistrictLake Charles
MaineFTZ 58City of BangorBangor
MaineFTZ 179Madawaska Foreign Trade Zone Corp.Madawaska
MaineFTZ 186City of WatervilleBelfast
MaineFTZ 263Lewiston-Auburn Economic Growth CouncilPortland
MaineFTZ 282Midcoast Regional Redevelopment AuthorityPortland
MarylandFTZ 63Prince George’s County GovernmentWashington, DC
MarylandFTZ 73Maryland Department of TransportationBaltimore
MarylandFTZ 74City of BaltimoreBaltimore
MarylandFTZ 255Board of County Commissioners of Washington CountyBaltimore
MassachusettsFTZ 27Massachusetts Port AuthorityBoston
MassachusettsFTZ 28City of New BedfordNew Bedford
MassachusettsFTZ 201City of HolyokeSpringfield
MichiganFTZ 16Economic Development Corp. of Sault Ste. MarieSault Ste. Marie
MichiganFTZ 43City of Battle CreekBattle Creek
MichiganFTZ 70Greater Detroit Foreign-Trade Zone, Inc.Detroit
MichiganFTZ 140City of FlintSaginaw / Bay City / Flint
MichiganFTZ 189KOM Foreign Trade Zone AuthorityGrand Rapids
MichiganFTZ 210Economic Development Alliance of St. Clair CountyPort Huron
MichiganFTZ 275Capital Region Airport AuthorityLansing
MinnesotaFTZ 51Duluth Seaway Port AuthorityDuluth
MinnesotaFTZ 119Greater Metropolitan Area FTZ CommissionMinneapolis
MinnesotaFTZ 259Koochiching Economic Development AuthorityInternational Falls
MississippiFTZ 92Mississippi Coast Foreign-Trade Zone, Inc.Gulfport
MississippiFTZ 158Greater Mississippi Foreign-Trade Zone, Inc.Jackson
MississippiFTZ 262Northern Mississippi FTZ, Inc.Memphis
MississippiFTZ 287Tunica CountyMemphis
MissouriFTZ 15Greater Kansas City FTZ, Inc.Kansas City
MissouriFTZ 102St. Louis County Port AuthoritySt. Louis
MissouriFTZ 225City of Springfield Airport BoardSpringfield
MontanaFTZ 88Great Falls International Airport AuthorityGreat Falls
MontanaFTZ 187Northern Express Transportation, Inc.Sweetgrass
MontanaFTZ 274City and County of Butte-Silver BowButte-Silver Bow
NebraskaFTZ 19Greater Omaha Chamber of CommerceOmaha
NebraskaFTZ 59Lincoln Chamber of CommerceOmaha
NevadaFTZ 89Las Vegas Global Economic AllianceLas Vegas
NevadaFTZ 126Economic Development Authority of Western NevadaReno
New HampshireFTZ 81Pease Development AuthorityPortsmouth
New JerseyFTZ 44State of New JerseyNew York / Newark
New JerseyFTZ 49Port Authority of New York and New JerseyNew York / Newark
New JerseyFTZ 142South Jersey Port CorporationSalem, New Jersey/Philadelphia
New JerseyFTZ 200County of MercerPhiladelphia
New JerseyFTZ 235Township of LakewoodPhiladelphia
New MexicoFTZ 110City of Albuquerque Aviation DepartmentAlbuquerque
New MexicoFTZ 197Board of County Commissioners of Dona Ana CountySanta Teresa
New YorkFTZ 1City of New YorkNew York / Newark
New YorkFTZ 23County of ErieBuffalo
New YorkFTZ 34Niagara County Industrial Development AgencyBuffalo
New YorkFTZ 37County of OrangeNew York / Newark
New YorkFTZ 52Suffolk CountyJohn F. Kennedy International Airport
New YorkFTZ 54Clinton County Area Development Corp.Champlain
New YorkFTZ 90County of OnondagaSyracuse
New YorkFTZ 109Jefferson County Industrial Development AgencyAlexandria Bay
New YorkFTZ 118Ogdensburg Bridge and Port AuthorityOgdensburg
New YorkFTZ 121Capital District Regional Planning CommissionAlbany
New YorkFTZ 141County of MonroeRochester
New YorkFTZ 172County of OneidaUtica
New YorkFTZ 284Genesee Gateway Local Development Corp.Rochester
New YorkFTZ 285Chenango CountySyracuse
New YorkFTZ 289Ontario CountyRochester
New YorkFTZ 290Cortland CountySyracuse
North CarolinaFTZ 57Charlotte Regional Partnership, Inc.Charlotte
North CarolinaFTZ 93Triangle J Council of GovernmentsRaleigh / Durham
North CarolinaFTZ 214North Carolina Department of TransportationMorehead City / Beaufort
North CarolinaFTZ 230Piedmont Triad PartnershipWinston-Salem
North DakotaFTZ 103Grand Forks Region Economic Development Corp.Pembina
North DakotaFTZ 267Municipal Airport Authority of the City of FargoFargo
OhioFTZ 8Toledo-Lucas County Port AuthorityToledo / Sandusky
OhioFTZ 40Cleveland Cuyahoga County Port AuthorityCleveland
OhioFTZ 46Greater Cincinnati FTZ, Inc.Cincinnati
OhioFTZ 100Greater Dayton Foreign-Trade Zone, Inc.Dayton
OhioFTZ 101AMES Material Services, Inc.Dayton
OhioFTZ 138Columbus Regional Airport AuthorityColumbus
OhioFTZ 151Findlay/Hancock County Chamber of CommerceToledo / Sandusky
OhioFTZ 181Northeast Ohio Trade & Economic ConsortiumCleveland
OhioFTZ 270Lawrence County Port AuthorityCharleston
OklahomaFTZ 53City of TulsaTulsa
OklahomaFTZ 106Port Authority of the Greater Oklahoma City AreaOklahoma City
OklahomaFTZ 164Muskogee City-County Port AuthorityTulsa
OklahomaFTZ 227Rural Enterprises of Oklahoma, Inc.Dallas / Fort Worth
OregonFTZ 45Port of PortlandPortland
OregonFTZ 132International Port of Coos Bay CommissionCoos Bay
PennsylvaniaFTZ 24Eastern Distribution Center, Inc.Wilkes-Barre / Scranton
PennsylvaniaFTZ 33Regional Industrial Development Corporation of Southwestern PennsylvaniaPittsburgh
PennsylvaniaFTZ 35Philadelphia Regional Port AuthorityPhiladelphia
PennsylvaniaFTZ 147FTZ Corp. of Southern PennsylvaniaHarrisburg
PennsylvaniaFTZ 247Erie-Western Pennsylvania Port AuthorityErie
PennsylvaniaFTZ 254North Central Pennsylvania Regional Planning and Development CommissionPittsburgh
PennsylvaniaFTZ 272Lehigh Valley Economic Development Corp.Lehigh Valley
PennsylvaniaFTZ 295Pennsylvania Foreign Trade Zone Corp.Pittsburgh
Puerto RicoFTZ 7Puerto Rico Industrial Development Corp.Mayaguez
Puerto RicoFTZ 61Puerto Rico Trade and Export Co.San Juan
Puerto RicoFTZ 163CODEZOL C.D.Ponce
Rhode IslandFTZ 105Rhode Island Economic Development Corp.Providence
South CarolinaFTZ 21South Carolina State Ports AuthorityCharleston
South CarolinaFTZ 38South Carolina State Ports AuthorityGreenville / Spartanburg
South CarolinaFTZ 127Richland-Lexington Airport DistrictColumbia
South DakotaFTZ 220Sioux Falls Development FoundationSioux Falls
TennesseeFTZ 77City of MemphisMemphis
TennesseeFTZ 78Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson CountyNashville
TennesseeFTZ 138Chattanooga Chamber FoundationChattanooga
TennesseeFTZ 148Industrial Development Board of Blount County and the Cities of Alcoa and MaryvilleKnoxville
TennesseeFTZ 204Tri-Cities Airport AuthorityTri-Cities Airport
TennesseeFTZ 223Memphis International Trade Development Corp.Memphis
TennesseeFTZ 78Metropolitan Government of Nashville & Davidson CountyShelbyville
TennesseeFTZ 283Northwest Tennessee Regional Port AuthorityMemphis
TexasFTZ 12McAllen Economic Development Corp.Hidalgo / Pharr
TexasFTZ 36Board of Trustees of the Galveston WharvesHouston
TexasFTZ 39Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport BoardDallas / Fort Worth
TexasFTZ 62Brownsville Navigation DistrictBrownsville / Los Indios
TexasFTZ 68City of El PasoEl Paso
TexasFTZ 80City of San Antonio Economic Development Dept.San Antonio
TexasFTZ 84Port of Houston AuthorityHouston
TexasFTZ 94City of LaredoLaredo
TexasFTZ 95Starr County Industrial FoundationRio Grande City
TexasFTZ 96City of Eagle PassEagle Pass
TexasFTZ 113Ellis County Trade Zone Corp.Dallas / Fort Worth
TexasFTZ 115Foreign-Trade Zone of Southeast Texas, Inc.Port Arthur
TexasFTZ 116Foreign-Trade Zone of Southeast Texas, Inc.Port Arthur
TexasFTZ 117Foreign-Trade Zone of Southeast Texas, Inc.Port Arthur
TexasFTZ 122Port of Corpus Christi AuthorityCorpus Christi
TexasFTZ 149Port FreeportFreeport
TexasFTZ 150Westport Economic Development Corp.El Paso
TexasFTZ 155Calhoun-Victoria Foreign-Trade Zone, Inc.Port Lavaca / Port Comfort
TexasFTZ 156City of WeslacoProgreso
TexasFTZ 165City of MidlandMidland
TexasFTZ 168Metroplex International TradeDallas / Fort Worth
TexasFTZ 171Liberty County Economic Development Corp.Houston
TexasFTZ 183Foreign Trade Zone of Central Texas, Inc.Austin
TexasFTZ 196Alliance Corridor, Inc.Alliance Airport
TexasFTZ 199Texas City Foreign-Trade Zone Corp.Houston
TexasFTZ 234Gregg CountyShreveport / Bossier City
TexasFTZ 246City of WacoDallas / Fort Worth
TexasFTZ 252City of AmarilloAmarillo
TexasFTZ 258TexAmericas CenterShreveport / Bossier City
TexasFTZ 260City of LubbockLubbock
TexasFTZ 265City of ConroeHouston
TexasFTZ 269Athens Economic Development Corp.Dallas / Fort Worth
Texas FTZ 297 City of Lufkin Port Arthur / Beaumont
UtahFTZ 30Salt Lake City Corp.Salt Lake City
VermontFTZ 55Greater Burlington Industrial Corp.Burlington International Airport
VermontFTZ 268Brattleboro Foreign-Trade Zone LLCSpringfield
VermontFTZ 286Northeastern Vermont Development AssociationDerby Line
VirginiaFTZ 20Virginia Port AuthorityNorfolk / Newport News
VirginiaFTZ 137Washington Dulles Foreign-Trade ZoneWashington Dulles International Airport
VirginiaFTZ 185County of CulpeperFront Royal
VirginiaFTZ 207Capital Region Airport CommissionRichmond / Petersburg
VirginiaFTZ 238New River Valley Economic Development Alliance, Inc.New River Valley Airport
WashingtonFTZ 5Port of Seattle CommissionPuget Sound
WashingtonFTZ 85Port of EverettPuget Sound
WashingtonFTZ 86Port of TacomaPuget Sound
WashingtonFTZ 120Cowlitz Economic Development CouncilLongview
WashingtonFTZ 128Lummi Indian Business CouncilPuget Sound
WashingtonFTZ 129Port of BellinghamBlaine
WashingtonFTZ 173Port of Grays HarborAberdeen
WashingtonFTZ 203Moses Lake Public Corp.Port of Moses Lake
WashingtonFTZ 212Puyallup Tribal Foreign-Trade Zone Corp.Puget Sound
WashingtonFTZ 216Port of OlympiaPuget Sound
WashingtonFTZ 224Spokane Airport BoardSpokane
WashingtonFTZ 296Port of Vancouver USAPortland
West VirginiaFTZ 229West Virginia Economic Development AuthorityCharleston
West VirginiaFTZ 240West Virginia Economic Development AuthorityFront Royal
WisconsinFTZ 41Port of MilwaukeeMilwaukee
WisconsinFTZ 167Brown CountyGreen Bay
WisconsinFTZ 266Dane CountyMilwaukee
WyomingFTZ 157Natrona County International AirportNatrona County Airport

See also

References

  1. Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 272.
  2. "Foreign Trade Zones". Integrationpoint.com. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  3. "Foreign Trade Zone Board". Ia.ita.doc.gov. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
  4. "History". Foreign Trade Zone Resource Center. Foreign Trade Zone Corporation. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  5. "U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones". Import Administration. International Trade Administration. January 13, 2013. Archived from the original on January 13, 2016. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
  6. Tiefenbrun, Susan (2012), Tax Free Trade Zones Of The World And In The United States, Edward Elgar Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84980-243-7
  7. "How FTZs Work with the Rest of the Company". Integrationpoint.com. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  8. "Operating a FTZ – What is the benefit to me?". Integrationpoint.com. Retrieved 2013-10-30.
  9. "Inverted tariff – What it is, and how should it be used?". Integrationpoint.com. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  10. "Foreign Trade Zones". Integrationpoint.com. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  11. "Miller & Company P.C. – FTZ Overview". www.millerco.com. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
  12. "The U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones Program – Information for CBP" (PDF). 2015.
  13. "Explaining the US Drawback Process in 5 Simple Steps". Integrationpoint.com. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  14. [email protected], United States Department of Commerce . International Trade Administration . Enforcement and Compliance . contact. "List of Foreign-Trade Zones by State". enforcement.trade.gov. Retrieved 2018-03-16.

Further reading

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