Ford CHT engine

The Ford CHT (Compound High Turbulence) engine is an inline four-cylinder internal combustion engine produced by the Ford Motor Company in Brazil during the 1980s and 1990s. It is unrelated to the similarly-named CVH engine.

Ford CHT engine
Overview
ManufacturerFord Motor Company
Production1984-1997
Layout
ConfigurationNaturally aspirated Inline-4
Displacement
  • 997 cc (60.8 cu in)
  • 1,341 cc (81.8 cu in)
  • 1,555 cc (94.9 cu in)
Cylinder bore
  • 70.3 mm (2.77 in)
  • 71.5 mm (2.81 in)
  • 75.32 mm (2.97 in)
  • 77 mm (3.03 in)
Piston stroke
  • 64.2 mm (2.53 in)
  • 83.5 mm (3.29 in)
ValvetrainOHV 2 valves x cyl.
Combustion
Fuel systemSingle carburetor
Fuel typePetrol or Ethanol
Oil systemWet sump
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Output
Power output50–86 hp (37–64 kW)
Chronology
PredecessorRenault Cléon-Fonte engine
SuccessorFord Zetec-SE engine

The CHT was introduced in 1984 in the Mark 3 Escort, the first of the series to be released in Brazil.[1] It was later used in the Ford Del Rey and the Verona (a Brazilian Orion), as well as the Volkswagen Gol.

This engine was based on the Renault Cléon-Fonte engine introduced in 1962. Ford do Brasil inherited this engine upon buying the Brazilian Willys/Renault operation in the late 1960s. It has overhead valves (two per cylinder) and features a rotating valve design. The displacement of the original Cléon-Fonte used in the Ford Corcel was 1,289 cc (78.7 cu in) from a 73 mm × 77 mm (2.87 in × 3.03 in) bore and stroke; this was later raised to 1,372 cc (83.7 cu in) 75.32 mm × 77 mm (2.97 in × 3.03 in) for the "XP" engine (later called "1300-B" in single-carburetted form).[2]

The Cléon-Fonte was finally increased to 1,555 cc (94.9 cu in) (77 mm × 83.5 mm (3.03 in × 3.29 in)) in 1979, a displacement which the CHT would inherit. Ford do Brasil used the Cléon-Fonte engine until 1983, when they made a thorough redesign to the head and renamed it CHT. There was also a smaller 1,341 cc (81.8 cu in) version with a 71.5 mm (2.81 in) bore. The Corcel-derived Pampa pickup truck also used the Cléon-Fonte engine until replaced with the CHT in 1984.

The goal of the redesign was to create an internal turbulence in the combustion chambers to promote more complete combustion. The resulting unit was robust and economical, albeit with modest performance compared to the competing Volkswagen EA-827. The CHT has lower peak power output but with generally higher average torque, with the torque curve being much flatter and closer to the maximum at any engine speed. Torque was the CHT engine's advantage, it being capable of running without much loss of power in very low engine speeds as well.

It was also available to run on ethanol.

Three models were originally available:

  • 1.6 petrol 65 hp (48 kW)
  • 1.6 ethanol 74 hp (55 kW)
  • 1.6 XR ethanol 83 hp (62 kW) for the Escort XR3

Later, the engine was tuned for better power figures and fuel efficiency:

  • 1.6 petrol 74 hp (55 kW)
  • 1.6 ethanol 86 hp (64 kW)

In 1987, with the release of the Mark 4 Ford Escort, this engine benefited from some revisions, resulting in the CHT E-Max (maximised economy) version. All the new models featured better torque. This, the second generation CHT engine received the award of most economical engine of its time in Brazil, capable of running 17.1 km/L (48 mpg‑imp; 40 mpg‑US) of petrol.

In March 1992, a smaller version with a 70.3 mm × 64.2 mm (2.77 in × 2.53 in) bore and stroke for a displacement of 997 cc (60.8 cu in) was released.[3] It was installed in both the Escort Hobby and the Volkswagen Gol:

  • 1.0 petrol 50 hp (37 kW).

During the Autolatina period (1987–1996) Volkswagen used this engine, naming it AE-1600 and AE-1000 when fitted to VWs - but this is largely the same engine. AE stands for Alta Economia (High Economy). In 1996 and 1997 the CHT was gradually replaced. In Volkswagens, the AE-1000 was replaced by the EA111 and the AE-1600 by the EA827. In Fords, the CHT was replaced either by the newer Zetec-SE 16-valve unit or the older Kent Endura-E.

References
  1. "Carros do Passado - Ford Escort - No Brasil" [Cars of yesteryear - Ford Escort - In Brazil]. www.bestcars.com.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2009-03-16.
  2. Braunschweig, Robert; et al., eds. (1974-03-14). "Automobil Revue '74" (in German and French). 69. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG: 312. ISSN 0005-1314. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. "Guerra dos 1000" [War of the 1000s]. Quatro Rodas (in Portuguese). Vol. 34 no. 405. April 1994. pp. 42–43.
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