Fontanka Embankment

The Fontanka Embankment (Russian: Набережная реки Фонтанки) is a street in Saint Petersburg that follows the course of the Fontanka River from its origin as it diverges from the Neva River up to its confluence with the Great Neva.[1] In 1762–1769 the general plan of city development was developed by the State Special Committee, headed by Aleksei Kvasov.[2] Following this plan, in the 1780s the shores were imbanked in granite by architect Giacomo Quarenghi.[3][4] The Fontanka Embankment was used as a border of Saint Petersburg central part.[5]

Fontanka Embankment

The Trinity Cathedral from the Fontanka Embankment
Native name	Набережная реки Фонтанки  (Russian)
Type	embankment
Location	Saint Petersburg
Coordinates	59°55′50″N 30°20′22″W

Nowadays the embankment serves as a motorway, it was reconstructed in the early 1990s, then in 2016–2019.[6][7] It has a status of cultural heritage object.[8][9] Total length of the left side embankment is 6.4 km, right - 5.7 km. Numerous palaces and historical sites are located on this street.[10]

Landmarks and notable buildings

• The Summer Garden.[10]
• Saint Michael's Castle, built in 1797-1801 by Vasily Bazhenov and Vincenzo Brenna for Emperor Paul I.[11]
• No. 2 – the mansion of Friedrich Wilhelm Bauer.[12]
• No. 3 – former Ciniselli Circus, built in 1876-1877 by Vasily Kenel; currently the St Petersburg State Circus.[13]
• No. 6 – the Imperial School of Jurisprudence, rebuilt in 1835 by Vasily Stasov from senator Ivan Nepluev's mansion.[14]
• No. 16 – the building was constructed by Auguste de Montferrand for chancellor Viktor Kochubey in the early XIX century. After his death the Special Corps of Gendarmes moved into the house. In the XX century, after the Russian Revolution, the building was used as a city courthouse.[15]
• No. 18 – Pashkov house, built in 1836 by Alberto Cavos.[16]
• No. 20 – Nekludov house, built in 1787—1790 by architect Fyodor Demertzov. In 1812—1824 the palace served as a residence of Alexander Nikolaevich Golitsyn.[17]
• No. 21 – the Shuvalov Palace, constructed in the late 18th century by Giacomo Quarenghi.[18]
• No. 34 – the Fountain House, built in 1712, later reconstructed several times by the leading Russian architects, such as Savva Chevakinsky, Andrey Voronikhin, Giacomo Quarenghi, Ivan Starov. Since 1989 the Anna Akhmatova Literary and Memorial Museum is located in the South wing.[19]
• No. 36 – the former Catherine Institute. The finishing school was established by Empress Maria Feodorovna in 1798 and initially housed in front of the Tauride Palace. Later Alexander I of Russia granted the Institute some lands on the Fontanka Embankment, where in 1804—1807 Giacomo Quarenghi constructed the marvellous palace in Neoclassical style.
• No. 39 – the Anichkov Palace, built in 1741-1753 by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli for Empress Elizabeth Petrovna.
• No. 42 (Nevsky Prospekt, 41) – the Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace, built in 1847-1848 by Andrei Stackenschneider.[20][21]
• No. 54 – the Tolstoy House, a former revenue house, designed and built in 1910—1912 by Fyodor Lidval.[22]
• No. 62 – the Petrovsky Commercial College of the St. Petersburg Merchant Society architects F. S. Kharlamov, V. T. Tokarev, 1882, reconstructed in 1906 by P. A. Gilev.
• No. 65 – the Bolshoi Drama Theater, that in 1918 replaced the Suvorin Theatre. The building was designed and constructed in 1876 by Ludovick Fontana for general Anton Apraksin.
• No. 70-72 – the building of the Main Treasury — State Bank (architect D. M. Iofan, S. S. Serafimov), 1913-1915.[23]
• No. 74-78 – Loan office and barracks of the Ministry of Finance, management of State savings banks (architect Aleksander von Gogen), 1898-1900.[24][25]
• No. 87A – Lebedev's house, 1809. Data on this building was lost in 1910, but according to prominent Russian historian Igor Grabar it could be attributed to architect Yury Felten. The mansion was built for Vytegra merchant K. P. Galashevsky, but its modern name comes after last pre-revolutionary owner — lieutenant V. J. Lebedev.[26]
• No. 90 (Gorokhovaya Street, 50A) – Kukanova-Klado house, 1831—1832, architect Avraam Melnikov. The mansion was built for merchant's wife A. Kukanova and was designed as a part of a single ensemble with house No. 81 and Semyonovsky Bridge.[27]
• No. 97 — Olenin's mansion, here in 1820 young Alexander Pushkin first met Anna Kern.
• No. 110 — House of architect Karl Maevsky, 1881.[28]
• No. 114 – the Saint Petersburg State Youth Theatre on the Fontanka.[29]
• No. 115 – the Yusupov Palace, 1770, architect Giacomo Quarenghi.
• No. 118 – the Derzhavin Palace, 1791—1793, architect Grigory Pilnikov.[30]
• No. 132 – the former Alexander Hospital for workers.
• No. 152 – the former Elizabeth Hospital for children, established in 1844 and named after Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mikhailovna.
• No. 156 – the Kalinkinsky naval hospital, architect M. Pasypkin, 1845-1853.[31]
• No. 166 – the Kalinkin work house, 1720, rebuilt.

References

1. Sartakova 2007. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSartakova2007 (help)
2. Klimenko 2010. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKlimenko2010 (help)
3. "Набережную Фонтанки отремонтировали с мелким нарушением облика" [The Fontanka Embankment Was Restored with Violations of Original Look] (in Russian). The Canoner. 2017-06-14. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
4. Komelova, Mirolubova 1978, p. 56. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKomelova,_Mirolubova1978 (help)
5. Yusupov 1994, p. 161. sfn error: no target: CITEREFYusupov1994 (help)
6. "На набережной реки Фонтанки ограничат движение" [Traffic restriction on Fontanka Embankment] (in Russian). The Official Site of St Petersburg Government. 2019-07-26. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
7. "Набережную Фонтанки отремонтировали и открыли для автомобилистов" [The Fontanka Embankment Opens for Traffic after Reconstruction]. Neva Today (in Russian). 2018-06-07. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
8. "Завершен капитальный ремонт участка набережной реки Фонтанки" [The Section of Fontanka Embankment to Open after Reconstruction]. The Official Site of St Petersburg Government. 2018-06-07. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
9. "Набережную Фонтанки затопило после ремонта" [Fontanka Embankment Flooded after Reconstruction]. Fontanka (in Russian). 2017-08-03. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
10. "Акт по результатам государственной историко-культурной экспертизы №1205-04/2018" [State Historical and Cultural Assessment Act No.1205-04/2018] (PDF) (in Russian). Committee for the State Inspection and Protection of Historic and Cultural Monuments (KGIOP). 2018-09-06. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
11. "Акт по результатам государственной историко-культурной экспертизы проектной документации на проведение работ по сохранению объекта культурного наследия федерального значения "Михайловский (Инженерный) замок"" [State Historical and Cultural Assessment Report on Cultural Heritage Object Reconstruction project of 'Saint Michael's Castle'] (PDF) (in Russian). Committee for the State Inspection and Protection of Historic and Cultural Monuments (KGIOP). 2018-07-27. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
12. "Акт по результатам государственной историко-культурной экспертизы объекта культурного наследия федерального значения "Дом Баура"" [State Historical and Cultural Assessment Report on Cultural Heritage Object 'House of Bauer'] (PDF) (in Russian). Committee for the State Inspection and Protection of Historic and Cultural Monuments (KGIOP). 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
13. "Акт по результатам государственной историко-культурной экспертизы проектной документации на проведение работ по сохранению объекта культурного наследия федерального значения "Здание цирка Г. Чинизелли"" [State Historical and Cultural Assessment Report on Cultural Heritage Object Reconstruction project of 'Ciniselli Circus'] (PDF) (in Russian). Committee for the State Inspection and Protection of Historic and Cultural Monuments (KGIOP). 2019-08-09. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
14. Annenkova 2013, p. 217. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAnnenkova2013 (help)
15. "Справка: История бывшего здания Городского суда на набережной Фонтанки, 16" [History of former City Courthouse on Fontanka Embankment, 16] (in Russian). TopSPb.tv. 2013-03-12. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
16. "Дом Пашковых" [Pashkov House] (in Russian). Russian State Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
17. "Дом Неклюдова П. В." [Nekludov house] (in Russian). Russian State Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
18. "Дворец Нарышкина Д.П. (Шуваловой С.Л.)" [Naryshkin-Shuvalov Palace] (in Russian). Russian State Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
19. Giangrande 2003, p. 64. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGiangrande2003 (help)
20. "Пожар во дворце Белосельских-Белозерских в Санкт-Петербурге" [Fire in Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace] (in Russian). RIA Novosty. 2012-02-28. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
21. "Дворец князей Белосельских-Белозерских в Санкт-Петербурге. Справка" [Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace: Summary] (in Russian). RIA Novosty. 2012-02-28. Archived from the original on 2020-03-11. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
22. Galkina, J. (2016-02-17). "Я живу в Толстовском доме (Петербург)" [I live in the Tolstoy house (St Petersburg)] (in Russian). The Village. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
23. "Главное казначейство - Государственный банк" [The Main Treasury — State Bank] (in Russian). CityWalls.ru. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
24. "Здание государственных сберегательных касс" [management of State savings banks] (in Russian). CityWalls.ru. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
25. "Decree from 19.08.2019 № 07-19-338/19, Minisrty of Finances (Fontanka emb., 74)" (PDF) (in Russian). St. Petersburg Government Committee for the state preservation of historical and cultural monuments. 2019-08-19. Retrieved 2020-07-24.
26. ""Акт по результатам государственной историко-культурной экспертизы проектной документации на проведение работ по сохранению объекта культурного наследия "Дом Лебедева"" [State Historical and Cultural Assessment Report on Cultural Heritage Object Reconstruction project of 'Lebedev's house'] (PDF) (in Russian). Committee for the State Inspection and Protection of Historic and Cultural Monuments (KGIOP). 2017-05-22. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
27. "Акт по результатам государственной историко-культурной экспертизы проектной документации на проведение работ по сохранению объекта культурного наследия "Дом Кукановой А. (Кладо Л.М.)"" [State Historical and Cultural Assessment Report on Cultural Heritage Object Reconstruction project of 'Kukanova-Klado house'] (PDF) (in Russian). Committee for the State Inspection and Protection of Historic and Cultural Monuments (KGIOP). 2018-02-20. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
28. "State Expertise Report" (PDF) (in Russian). Committee for the State Inspection and Protection of Historic and Cultural Monuments (KGIOP). 2016-09-08. Retrieved 2020-07-20.
29. "Государственный молодежный театр на Фонтанке отмечает 40-летний юбилей" [Youth Theatre on the Fontanka Celebrates 40th Anniversary] (in Russian). TopSPb.tv. 2020-03-11. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
30. "Акт по результатам государственной историко-культурной экспертизы проектной документации на проведение работ по сохранению объекта культурного наследия федерального значения "Усадьба Державина Г. Р."" [State Historical and Cultural Assessment Report on Cultural Heritage Object Reconstruction project of the Derzhavin Palace] (PDF) (in Russian). Committee for the State Inspection and Protection of Historic and Cultural Monuments (KGIOP). 2019-07-17. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
31. Ageev 2019. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAgeev2019 (help)

Sources

• Ageev, A. N.; Ageev, S. A.; Ageev, N. A. (2019). Между Фонтанкой и Обводным каналом южнее Невского [Between Fontanka and Obvodny Channel to South of Nevsky]. Limbus-Press. ISBN 978-5-8370-0735-4.
• Annenkova, E. A. (2013). "Императорское Училище правоведения" [Imperial School of Jurisprudence]. Space and Time (in Russian). p. 217.
• Sartakova, Mary (2007). Реки и каналы Санкт-Петербурга [Rivers and Channels of St Petersburg]. Vokrug Sveta. ISBN 9785457012820.
• Komelova, G. N.; Mirolubova, G. A. (1978). Невский проспект в изобразительном искусстве: XVIII-первая половина XIX века: каталог выставки из фондов отдела истории русской культуры [Nevsky Prospekt in Visual Arts: XVIII — first part of the XIX century: exhibition catalogue (History of Russian Art Department, State hermitage Museum)]. Leningrad: Aurora. p. 56.
• Yusupov, E. S. (1994). Словарь терминов архитектуры [Architectural Dictionary]. Leningrad: 'Leningradskaya Galereya' Foundation. p. 161. ISBN 9785858250043.
• Klimenko, J. G.; Klimenko, S. V. (2010). "Государственные архитектурно-строительные Комиссии и их роль в градостроительном развитии Санкт-Петербурга и Москвы в XVIII веке" [State Architectural and Construction Committees and their Significance in Development of St Petersburg and Moscow in XVIII century]. Academia (in Russian). 4.
• Giangrande, Cathy (2003). Saint Petersburg: Museums, Palaces, and Historic Collections. Boston: Bunker Hill Publishing. p. 64-65. ISBN 1593730004.