Florida A&M Hospital

Florida Agriculture & Mechical Hospital (1911-1971) was the first institution in Florida providing medical care to African Americans, who, during the segregation period, were not permitted to receive care at whites-only hospitals. (See Tallahassee Memorial HealthCare on Tallahassee's other hospitals of the period.) There was no other such institution within 150 miles (240 km) of Tallahassee.[1][2] In 1940, "less than a dozen" counties in Florida had hospital facilities for Negroes.[3]:17

Florida A&M Hospital
Florida A&M Hospital, circa 1960s
Geography
LocationTallahassee, Florida, United States
Coordinates30.426124°N 84.282935°W / 30.426124; -84.282935
Organization
TypeGeneral
Affiliated universityFlorida Agricultural and Mechanical University
Services
Beds105
History
Former name(s)Sanatorium
Opened1911 as a Sanatorium, 1946 as FAMC Hospital, Health Center and Nursing School, 1951 dedicated as a hospital
Closed1971
Links
ListsHospitals in Florida

Founding

The hospital was originally designated a sanitarium, had 19 beds, and was created to allow Florida A&M University (FAMU) to establish a nursing program.[4][5][6] It was housed in a wooden building located slightly NW of the brick building, with 105 beds,[7]:186 which replaced it in 1950.[8][9]:101 Funding to build the hospital was provided in part to avoid integration at Tallahassee Memorial Hospital, by creating a "separate but equal" facility.[5] (See Gibbs Junior College for other such efforts in Florida.) It was officially dedicated as a hospital in 1951,[1] although since 1946 it was named the FAMC Hospital, Health Center and Nursing School.[10] Like most hospitals serving African Americans,[9]:19 it was chronically underfunded; Tallahassee levied a tax on residents to support the whites-only hospital, but refused to distribute any of the funds to the FAMU hospital, whose patients were almost exclusively African Americans.[7]:186–187

Closure

The hospital closed as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the federal government's threat to withhold Medicare funding from both the FAMU hospital and Tallahassee Memorial Hospital if racial segregation continued.[11][12] Tallahassee Memorial started admitting black patients, and federal and state funding which previously supported the FAMU Hospital was transferred to Tallahassee Memorial. When state funding was ended in 1967, the name was changed to Tallahassee A&M Hospital and it was leased to the city and county from 1967 to 1970, renewed for 1970-72. On December 24, 1971, citing unsustainable losses, the Hospital Board announced that it was closing down the hospital, which at that time had three patients housed there. FAMU President Dr. B. L. Perry, Jr., cited "the unwillingness of white doctors to commit patients to it. Concurrent with this problem was the unavailability of black doctors in this community". He also cited the low salary for nurses, which did not meet the requirements of the minimum wage and hour law and did not attract applicants.[13][5] As was typical of racial desegregation in the U.S., it was the black facility that closed, and the employees lost their jobs.

Two identical historical markers commemorating the hospital were erected in 2013. One is in front of the former hospital building.[14] The other, at an entrance to the campus, is on the SW corner of the intersection of Palmer Avenue and South Adams Street.[15][8] The marker (note that the transcriptions of its text in the references just given are not completely accurate) reads as follows:

THE FLORIDA A&M UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL (1911-1971)

The first healthcare facility built in Florida for African-Americans [ sic ] was the Florida A&M College (FAMC) Hospital, known as the Florida A&M University (FAMU) Hospital after 1953. The school's original two-story, 19-bed wooden sanitarium was built in 1911 (since demolished), and provided medical care to patients of all races living in Leon and surrounding counties. It was supervised by Jennie Virginia Hilyer, RN, a graduate of Freedmen's Hospital in Washington, D.C., later renamed Howard University Hospital. In 1926, Leonard H.B. Foote, MD, a graduate of Howard University Medical School, became hospital administrator.[16] Foote established FAMC's School of Nursing in 1936, the first baccalaureate nursing program in Florida. He led a 10-year campaign to construct a new modern brick hospital, which opened in 1950. As a major medical center, the hospital provided clinical training for students and opportunities for research. After the withdrawal of federal and state support, the doors of the hospital closed on December 11, 1971. Today, the hospital's legacy continues through Florida A&M University's School of Nursing, College of Pharmacy, and School of Allied Health Sciences.[15]

The former hospital is currently (2017) the Foote-Hilyer Administration Building.[17] It continues to house the university's student health center.

References
  1. Jon (February 25, 2014). "FAMU Hospital". Florida Memory Blog. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
  2. Bennett, Lanitra (February 13, 2014). "FAMU To Unveil Hospital Historical Marker At The Black History Convocation". WCTV.
  3. Federal Writers' Project (1993). McDonough, Gary W. (ed.). The Florida Negro. A Federal Writers' Project Legacy. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 0878055886.
  4. "A Historical Celebration: FAMU to Unveil Hospital Historical Marker". HBCU [Historically black colleges and universities] News. Tom Joyner Foundation. February 4, 2014.
  5. Ensley, Gerald (February 26, 2014). "Black History: Refusing to Forget". Tallahassee Democrat.
  6. "FAMU to Unveil Hospital Historical Marker". Capitol Soup. February 4, 2014.
  7. Rabby, Glenda Alice (1999). The Pain and the Promise: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Tallahassee, Florida. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 082032051X.
  8. "Map" (PDF). www.famu.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  9. Wesley, Jr., Nathaniel (2010). "New A&M Hospital to Open Tallahassee Democrat article of December 8, 1950". Black Hospitals in America: History, Contributions and Demise. Tallahassee: NWR Associates Publications. ISBN 9780615382395.
  10. "FAMU to Unveil Hospital Historical Marker at Black History Convocation". Florida A&M University. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
  11. Study Panel on Medicare and Disparities (October 2006). Vladeck, Bruce C.; Van de Water, Paul N.; Eichner, June (eds.). Strengthening Medicare's Role in Reducing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (PDF). National Academy of Social Insurance. ISBN 1-884902-47-2. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  12. Newkirk II, Vann R. (June 27, 2017). "The Fight for Health Care Has Always Been About Civil Rights". The Atlantic.
  13. Spillan, Trisha (June 13, 1972). "A&M Hospital Will Not Reopen". Tallahassee Democrat. reproduced in Wesley, p. 109.
  14. "The Florida A&M University Hospital (1911-1971) Historical Marker".
  15. "The Florida A&M University Hospital (1911-1971) Historical Marker".
  16. Florida, State Library and Archives of. "Portrait of Florida A&M College medical director Dr. L.H.B. Foote - Tallahassee, Florida". Florida Memory.
  17. "Map" (JPG). www.famu.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
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