Flemmie Pansy Kittrell

Flemmie Pansy Kittrell (December 25, 1904, Henderson, North Carolina - October 3, 1980) was the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in nutrition. Her research focused on such topics as the levels of protein requirements in adults, the proper feeding of black infants, and the importance of preschool enrichment experiences for children.

Flemmie Pansy Kittrell
Born	December 25, 1904 Henderson, North Carolina
Died	October 3, 1980 Washington, D.C.
Known for	first African-American woman to earn a PhD in nutrition

Early life

Kittrell was born to James and Alice Kittrell. Education was very important to the Kittrell family: she and her eight siblings were encouraged to do well in school and praised for their accomplishments. Her father often read stories and poems to the family.

Flemmie graduated from high school with honors and received a B.S. degree from Hampton Institute in Hampton, Virginia in 1928. Her professors at Hampton, particularly Thomas Wyatt Turner, encouraged her to continue her studies of science and home economics in graduate school. During a period when there were very few female graduate students, Kittrell accepted a scholarship to Cornell University.

She finished her M.S. in 1930, and received a Ph.D. in nutrition in 1936. Her doctoral dissertation was A study on negro infant feeding practices in a selected community of North Carolina.[1] She was the first African American to gain a PhD in nutrition, and the first African-American woman PhD from Cornell University.[2][3]

Career

Kittrell started as a high school teacher early in her career. However, in 1928 she moved on as the director of nutrition at Bennett College in Greensboro, North Carolina. During 1940-1944 she worked at Hampton Institute in Virginia as a professor in Nutrition, later becoming the dean of women and head of the department of home economics.[4] In 1944, she left Hampton Institute to become head of the home economics department at Howard University in Washington, D. C. Here she developed a broader curriculum for home economics that included child development. She believed that home economists should be concerned with low-income and minority families in small towns and rural areas. Kittrell also blended the home economics curriculum with courses in other areas such as science and engineering.

In 1947, Kittrell began an international crusade to improve nutrition. She led a group to Liberia, where she found the diet of the people to be severely lacking in proteins and vitamins. Her reports on "hidden hunger", a type of malnutrition in people with full stomachs, led to many changes in the agricultural practices of Liberia and other countries.

She later traveled to India, Japan, West Africa, Central Africa, Guinea, and Russia. Kittrell created a college-level training program for home economics in Baroda College, India while a Fulbright Scholar.[5]

In addition to setting up programs abroad, Kittrell designed a program at Howard University to recruit students from other countries. Howard University became known throughout the world as a leader in nutrition and child development. She used both public and private funds to hold seminars on the latest nutritional research, to encourage women to seek advanced degrees, and to help other schools develop quality programs.

In the 1960s, Kittrell was instrumental in creating the Head Start program.[5] Kittrell was frequently honored for her important work. She received the Scroll of Honor from the National Council of Negro Women in 1961.

She retired from teaching in 1972, but continued to work as a consultant and lecturer in various settings. After her retirement in 1973, Howard University named her professor Emerita of the Department of Human Ecology, a position she held until her death in 1980.[4]

During her career, Kittrell improved the quality of life for thousands of people and focused worldwide attention on problems involving malnutrition and child development.

Death

Kittrell died unexpectedly of cardiac arrest on October 3, 1980, in Washington, D.C.

Legacy

The American Home Economics Association created a scholarship in her name.

The Cornell Graduate School created the Turner Kittrell Medal of Honor for alumni who have made significant national or international contributions to the advancement of diversity, inclusion and equity in academia, industry or the public sector.[5] The first award was in 2017.

References

• Kessler, James H., J.S.Kidd, Renee A. Kidd and Katherine A. Morin. Distinguished African-American Scientists of the 20th Century. Oryx Press: Phoenix, AZ, 1996.
• McMurray, Emily, ed. Notable Twentieth-Century Scientists. Gale Research Inc.: Detroit, 1995.
• Sammons, Vivian Ovelton. Blacks in Science and Medicine. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation: New York, 1990.
• Flemmie Kittrell: Pioneering Alumna, Cornell University Library.

Specific

1. Kittrell, Flemmie Pansy. "A Study on negro infant feeding practices in a selected community of North Carolina". RMC.Library.Cornell. Cornell University. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
2. Titcomb, Caldwell (1997). "The Earliest Ph.D. Awards to Blacks in the Natural Sciences". The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (15): 92–99. doi:10.2307/2962707. JSTOR 2962707.
3. Jackson, P. "Early black women at Cornell" (PDF). RMC.Library.Cornell. Cornell University. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
4. Warren, Wini. (1999). Black women scientists in the United States. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33603-1. OCLC 42072097.
5. Aloi, Daniel. "Gary Harris '75 given alumni honor for diversity, inclusion efforts". Cornell Chronicle. Cornell University. Retrieved 6 July 2020.

Further reading

• Anita Nahal, “Flemmie Kittrell,” in: Henry Louis Gates Jr. & Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham (eds.), African American National Biography, OUP, Vol. 5, 2008.