Flame speed

The flame speed is the measured rate of expansion of the flame front in a combustion reaction. The flame is generally propagated spherically and the radial flame propagation velocity is defined as the flame speed.[1][2] In other words, flame speed represents how rapidly the flame travels from an absolute reference point, while burning velocity presents the moving rate of chemical reactants (unburned gases) into the reaction sheet (flame front) from a local reference point located on the flame front.[3]

Whereas flame velocity is generally used for a fuel, a related term is explosive velocity, which is the same relationship measured for an explosive. Combustion engineers differentiate between the laminar flame speed and turbulent flame speed. Flame speed is typically measured in m/s, cm/s, etc.

In engines

In an internal combustion engine, the flame speed of a fuel is a property which determines its ability to undergo controlled combustion without detonation. Flame speed is used along with adiabatic flame temperature to help determine the engine's efficiency. According to one source,

"...high flame-speed combustion processes, which closely approximate constant-volume processes, should reflect in high efficiencies.[4]"

The flame speeds are not the actual engine flame speeds, A 12:1 compression ratio gasoline engine at 1500 rpm would have a flame speed of about 16.5 m/s, and a similar hydrogen engine yields 48.3 m/s, but such engine flame speeds are also very dependent on stoichiometry.[5]

See also

References
  1. Pugh, D.; Crayford, A.P.; Bowen, P.J.; O’Doherty, T.; Marsh, R.; Steer, J. (December 2014). "Laminar flame speed and markstein length characterisation of steelworks gas blends". Applied Energy. 136: 1026–1034. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.044.
  2. Bao, Xiuchao; Jiang, Yizhou; Xu, Hongming; Wang, Chongming; Lattimore, Thomas; Tang, Lan (June 2017). "Laminar flame characteristics of cyclopentanone at elevated temperatures". Applied Energy. 195: 671–680. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.031.
  3. Morovatiyan, Mohammadrasool; Shahsavan, Martia; Aguilar, Jonathan; Mack, J. Hunter (2021-03-01). "Effect of Argon Concentration on Laminar Burning Velocity and Flame Speed of Hydrogen Mixtures in a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber". Journal of Energy Resources Technology. 143 (3): 032301. doi:10.1115/1.4048019. ISSN 0195-0738.
  4. NASA Technical Note, May 1977, "Emissions and Total Energy Consumption of a Multicylinder Piston Engine Running on Gasoline and a Hydrogen-Gasoline Mixture"
  5. http://www.faqs.org/faqs/autos/gasoline-faq/part3/section-1.html
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