Falconbrook

The Falconbrook is a stream that once rose in Balham and Tooting, draining most of that parish as well as the south of Battersea including Clapham Junction, and a narrow strip in the rest of Battersea where it entered the River Thames.

Modern-day Falcon Road, looking north towards The Falcon public house. The Falconbrook river passes under this area.

The river was culverted in the 1860s, and today is entirely underground.[1] In 2007 rainfall caused it to rise and flood Falcon Road near Clapham Junction station.

Course

The Falconbrook, a south west London brook, now underground for its entire length, has been throughout replaced by surface water drains diverting water away; its course forming a very slight depression is used from its source for a conveniently cheap, Victorian, anti-environmental solution — a combined sewer — to the Southern Low Level Sewer in the London sewerage system. The source of the Falconbrook is Streatham Hill, with an additional source to the west at Furzedown south of Tooting Bec Common. From its source the Falconbrook flowed west through Balham, then turned north one residential block before Wandsworth Common as it was joined by the Tooting Bec feeder and continues to carve a ravine which is formed by St John's Road and Northcote Road in Battersea Rise. Springs feeding the first drain underneath the foundations of a row of shops (nos 2–36 Streatham High Road, the A23 road). During their construction, extra access space was built below the basement floors to accommodate the springs when in full spate. The brook flowed (and now sewer flows) along Drewstead Road, past Woodfield Avenue, passed through the north of Tooting Bec Common, north down Cavendish Road (passing Weir Road), west along the approximate line of Kenilford Road, along Oldridge Road, turned north by Holy Ghost School, west of Rusham and Montholme Road and along Northcote Road, 8-11m AOD.[2][3] After St John's Road it flowed along Falcon Road, Battersea just before its end turned west emptying in the River Thames west of Lombard Road and north of the London Heliport.[2]

Names and etymology

The earliest recorded name for the brook was the Hyde Burn or Hydebourne, appearing as Hydaburn or Hidaburn in Cartularium Saxonicum defining grants of land in Battersea made in 693 and 695. This name may be related to Hyde Farm adjacent to Toooting Bec Common in Clapham, lying north and east of the brook, and the name thought to relate to the "Hide of land in Balham..." in a grant of land made to Bec Abbey towards the end of the 11th century.[4]

From the mid-15th century through to the 19th century, the river was known as the York Brook or York Sewer, the name derived from York House, property of the Archbishops of York, which stood at the confluence with the Thames. The feeder stream from Tooting Bec Common was similarly sometimes recorded as the York Ditch.[4]

The Manor of Battersea was owned from about 1627 to 1763 by the St John baronets, of Lydiard Tregoze, who latterly became the Bolingbroke Viscounts.[5] The supporters of the armorial bearings of the St John family were a falcon wings displayed Or, or, more plainly, a pair of golden falcons displaying their wings. The Falcon brook and similarly named features in the locality - Falcon Park, Falcon Road, "The Falcons" housing estate, the Falcon pub, and the Falconbrook Primary school.[3] - have names derived from this display of heraldry.[6] At the time of the culverting of the river, both Falconbrook and York Sewer names were in concurrent use.[4]

Soil

Falconbrook's catchment basin, unlike longer tributaries such as the Lea and Wandle is entirely based on impermeable to semi-impermeable London Clay, starting north of areas with remaining Lambeth Group and North Downs topsoil.[7]

Flooding

Ponding of the "Falcon Brook" has been recorded as early as 1745.[8] An entirely London Clay catchment basin and flatter lower course through Battersea was, before urbanization, a major factor contributing to the stream's overflow. Now separate surface water and sewerage systems are in place and are sufficient to drain many parks, roofs and roads in an attempt to intercept the sewerage system before polluting the Tideway. A further interceptor pipe the Thames Tideway Scheme is expected to be completed by 2023 to avoid overflow.[9]

Thames Water carried out work at the end of 2006 to resolve the flooding of the Falconbrook sewer in the north of Balham, involving a series of road closures.

In July 2007, demonstrating response to rainfall due to a combined sewer function, the Falconbrook sewer burst out of the pavement in several places and flooded Falcon Road by Clapham Junction, during the 2007 floods. Since 2007, five incidents have been recorded of flooding in the Critical Drainage Area 7/21 that covers that area.[9][10]

See also

• Tributaries of the River Thames
• List of rivers in England

References

1. "London's Lost Rivers - Falcon Brook". London's Lost Rivers - Book and Walking Tours by Paul Talling.
2. "illustrations 1, 4 of the webpage of the Walbrook River page - a synopsis which cites the following books:
   Nicholas Barton, The Lost Rivers of London (1962)
   Anthony Clayton, Subterranean City (2000)
   Michael Harrison, London Beneath the Pavement (1961)
   Alfred Stanley Foord, Springs, Streams, and Spas of London. (1910)
   J. G. White, History of The Ward of Walbrook. (1904)
   Andrew Duncan, Secret London. (6th Edition, 2009)". Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
3. Map created by Ordnance Survey, courtesy of English Heritage Archived 24 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
4. Surrey archaeological collections. XXXVII. Surrey Archaeological Society. 1858. pp. 129–131. citing: de Gray Birch, Walter, ed. (1885). Cartularium Saxonicum A. D. 430-839. I. Whiting.
5. "Introduction". Survey of London 49: Battersea (draft) (PDF). English Heritage / Yale University Press. 2013. pp. 10–15.
6. "15". Survey of London 50: Battersea (draft) (PDF). English Heritage / Yale University Press. 2013. pp. 4–7.
7. Surface Water Management Plan London Borough of Wandsworth (pdf)
8. "Clapham Junction Conservation Area Character Statement" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 24 July 2007.
9. "London Borough of Wandsworth — Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment (pdf)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
10. "London Borough of Wandsworth Surface Water Management Plan (pdf)". Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.