FGF15/19

FGF15/19 refers to two orthologous fibroblast growth factors which share 50% aminoacid identity and have similar functions. FGF15 was described in the mouse; FGF19 was found in humans and other species. They share physiological functions and so are often referred to as FGF15/19 or as FGF15/FGF19.[1][2]

They were first described in developing fetal brain. They are now known to be produced in the ileum, and under certain circumstances in the liver and biliary tree. It is thought their principal function is in response to bile acid absorption[3] occurring after meals.

FGF15 and FGF19 have similar roles in regulating bile acid synthesis and also glucose metabolism in the liver.[4]

References
  1. Jones SA (2012). "Physiology of FGF15/19". Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 728: 171–82. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0887-1_11. PMID 22396169.
  2. Potthoff MJ, Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ (February 2012). "Endocrine fibroblast growth factors 15/19 and 21: from feast to famine". Genes & Development. 26 (4): 312–24. doi:10.1101/gad.184788.111. PMC 3289879. PMID 22302876.
  3. Wang Y, Ding WX, Li T (July 2018). "Cholesterol and bile acid-mediated regulation of autophagy in fatty liver diseases and atherosclerosis". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 1863 (7): 726–733. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.005. PMC 6037329. PMID 29653253.
  4. Owen BM, Mangelsdorf DJ, Kliewer SA (January 2015). "Tissue-specific actions of the metabolic hormones FGF15/19 and FGF21". Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 26 (1): 22–9. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2014.10.002. PMC 4277911. PMID 25476453.
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