Exam proctoring

Exam proctoring (also called exam invigilation) is a method of ensuring academic integrity. It includes invigilation of students, while taking tests, examinations, or quizzes. Exam proctoring is used in a variety of contexts, including primary, secondary and higher education,[1][2] as well as standardized test environments,[3][4] and some professional accreditation exams.[5]

This page relates to the practice of e-proctoring. For information on the career, see Exam invigilator.
An invigilator proctoring an exam in Tanzania

E-proctoring

E-proctoring, also known as remote proctoring or remote proctoring,[6] is a form of exam proctoring involves monitoring student behaviour during exams administered electronically, including those given as part of e-learning or remote learning.[7][8]

Concerns about the use of commercial e-proctoring services include violations of students' privacy[9][10] and impact to students' mental health.[11]

There is some evidence to suggest that it is possible to circumvent e-proctoring software.[12] In addition, there have been reports of user data from commercial e-proctoring services being hacked, resulting in thousands of users' data being released.[13][14]

Controversy

Controversy over e-proctoring escalated during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic,[15] when many universities,[9][11][16][17][18] K-12 schools,[19] and standardized testing organizations turned to commercial e-proctoring suppliers for services.[4][3][20][21][22][23] Students across the world protested the use of commercial e-proctoring services at their post-secondary institutions.[10][9][11][24][25] The situation escalated further when e-proctoring software company Proctorio sued a university employee at the University of British Columbia over alleged breach of copyright.[26] The employee was critical of Proctorio on social media and linked to unlisted materials. [27][28][29][30]

References
  1. Cramp, J., Medlin, J. F., Lake, P., & Sharp, C. (2019). Lessons learned from implementing remotely invigilated online exams. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 16(1). Retrieved from https://ro.uow.edu.au/jutlp/vol16/iss1/10/
  2. González-González, Carina S.; Infante-Moro, Alfonso; Infante-Moro, Juan C. (2020-04-24). "Implementation of E-Proctoring in Online Teaching: A Study about Motivational Factors". Sustainability. 12 (8): 3488. doi:10.3390/su12083488. ISSN 2071-1050.
  3. Strauss, V. (2020, April 22). An open letter to the College Board about online, at-home AP tests. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2020/04/22/an-open-letter-college-board-about-online-at-home-ap-tests/
  4. Strauss, V. (2020, April 16). College Board says it can give valid, secure online SATs at home. Washington Post.
  5. Lian, J. (2020, May 11). CA ANZ issues mea culpa over exam hiccup. Accountants Daily. Retrieved from https://www.accountantsdaily.com.au/professional-development/14340-ca-anz-issues-mea-culpa-over-exam-hiccup
  6. McCorkle, R. (2018). Dispelling the concerns around utilizing remote proctoring systems. EdScoop. Retrieved from https://edscoop.com/dispelling-concerns-of-utilizing-remote-proctoring-systems
  7. Bacow, Lawrence; Bowen, William; Guthrie, Kevin; Lack, Kelly; Long, Matthew (2015). "Barriers to Adoption of Online Learning Systems in U.S. Higher Education". Ithaka S+R. doi:10.18665/sr.22432. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
  8. James, Rosalind (2016). "Tertiary student attitudes to invigilated, online summative examinations". International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education. 13 (1): 19. doi:10.1186/s41239-016-0015-0. ISSN 2365-9440. S2CID 5640.
  9. Alden, C. (2020). Facing student privacy concerns, UBC maintains relationship with Proctorio. The Ubyssey. Retrieved from https://www.ubyssey.ca/news/ubc-maintains-proctorio-relationship/
  10. Chrysanthos, N. (2020, May 22). 'You’re being watched and recorded, every breath': Students unsettled by exam software. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/you-re-being-watched-and-recorded-every-breath-students-unsettled-by-exam-software-20200519-p54ucb.html
  11. Campus News. (2020, May 27). UPDATED: Students raise concerns over an increase in academic misconduct allegations. The Cord. Retrieved from https://thecord.ca/students-raise-concerns-over-an-increase-in-academic-misconduct-allegations/
  12. Chase, R. (2018, January 18). How ProctorU and Examity make cheating on college exams easier than ever.  Retrieved from https://blog.rchase.com/how-proctoru-and-examity-make-cheating-on-college-exams-easier-than-ever/
  13. Abrams, L. (2020, 28 July). Hacker leaks 386 million user records from 18 companies for free. Bleeping Computer. Retrieved from https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacker-leaks-386-million-user-records-from-18-companies-for-free/
  14. "ProctorU confirms data breach after database leaked online". BleepingComputer. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  15. Eaton, S. E. (2020). E-Proctoring: Understanding the debate about invigilating remote exams.  Retrieved from https://drsaraheaton.wordpress.com/2020/05/12/e-proctoring-understanding-the-debate-about-invigilating-remote-exams/
  16. Alden, C. (2020). Facing student privacy concerns, UBC maintains relationship with Proctorio. The Ubyssey. Retrieved from https://www.ubyssey.ca/news/ubc-maintains-proctorio-relationship/
  17. Campus News. (2020, May 27). UPDATED: Students raise concerns over an increase in academic misconduct allegations. The Cord. Retrieved from https://thecord.ca/students-raise-concerns-over-an-increase-in-academic-misconduct-allegations/
  18. Harris, S. (2020, June 29). Canadian Medical Students Demand Change After ‘Inhumane’ Exam Conditions. HuffPost. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/mccqe-canadian-med-school-exam_ca_5ef61235c5b6acab2840f001?
  19. Harwell, D. (2020, April 1). Mass school closures in the wake of the coronavirus are driving a new wave of student surveillance. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/04/01/online-proctoring-college-exams-coronavirus/
  20. Flaherty, C. (2020, May 11). Big Proctor. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from https://insidehighered.com/news/2020/05/11/online-proctoring-surging-during-covid-19
  21. Hubler, S. (2020). Keeping Online Testing Honest? Or an Orwellian Overreach? New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/10/us/online-testing-cheating-universities-coronavirus.html
  22. Lee, S. (2020, June 30). Proctorio CEO releases student’s chat logs, sparking renewed privacy concerns. The Ubessey. Retrieved from https://www.ubyssey.ca/news/proctorio-chat-logs/
  23. Swauger, S. (2020, June 7). Taking Back the Narrative of Ed Tech.  Retrieved from https://www.sheaswauger.com/post/taking-back-the-narrative-of-ed-tech
  24. Waitson, E. (2020, May 8). Laurier math department faces backlash over mandatory external webcams needed for spring exams. The Cord. Retrieved from https://thecord.ca/laurier-math-department-faces-backlash-over-mandatory-external-webcams-needed-for-spring-exams/
  25. Harwell, Drew. "Cheating-detection companies made millions during the pandemic. Now students are fighting back". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2020-11-23.
  26. Fraser, K. (2020, September 3, 2020). Software company sues UBC employee over tweets involving confidential videos. Vancouver Sun. Retrieved from https://vancouversun.com/news/software-company-sues-ubc-employee-over-tweets-involving-confidential-videos
  27. unlisted materials
  28. Chin, Monica (2020-10-22). "An ed-tech specialist spoke out about remote testing software — and now he's being sued". The Verge. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
  29. "An Exam Surveillance Company Is Trying to Silence Critics With Lawsuits". www.vice.com. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
  30. "Ed-Tech Specialist Fights Proctorio Lawsuit | Inside Higher Ed". www.insidehighered.com. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
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