Euura viminalis

Euura viminalis is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies). The larva feed within galls on the leaves of willows (Salix species). It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

Euura viminalis
Euura viminalis on Salix purpurea
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Suborder: Symphyta
Family: Tenthredinidae
Genus: Euura
Species:
E. viminalis
Binomial name
Euura viminalis
Synonyms

Description of the gall

The gall is found on the underside of a leaf of the host plant. It is egg shaped when young, becomes globular as it matures, has brown warts and is usually hairless. It can have a diameter of up to 5 mm and can have a red tinge. On the upperside of the leaf there is a brownish circular depression. The galls can be found on the leaves of osier (Salix viminalis) and purple willow (Salix purpurea).[1][2]

Distribution

This species is found in most of south and central Europe north to southern Sweden. It is common in Great Britain and Ireland.[3][2]

Inquilines and predators

Three weevils have been found living in the galls, Melanapion mininum, Archarias crux and A. salicivorus.[4] The larva of the chalcid wasp, Eurytoma aciculata lives in the gall and kills the sawfly larvae.[5] The tortricid moth, Gypsonoma dealbana usually feeds on various parts of willow but have been found inside the gall, killing the larvae.[6]

References
  1. Chinery, Michael (2011). Britain's Plant Galls. Old Basing, Hampshire: WildGuides Ltd. p. 66. ISBN 978-190365743-0.
  2. Redfern, Margaret; Shirley, Peter; Bloxham, Michael (2011). British Plant Galls (Second ed.). Shrewsbury: FSC Publications. pp. 282–299. ISBN 978-1-85153-284-1.
  4. Ellis, W N. "Euura viminalis (Linnaeus, 1758)". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  5. Ellis, W. E. "Eurytoma aciculata Ratzeburg, 1848". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
  6. Ellis, W. E. "Gypsonoma dealbana (Fröhlich,1828)". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 1 September 2018.


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