Eulophia bicallosa

Eulophia bicallosa, commonly known as the green corduroy orchid,[2] is a plant in the orchid family and is native to areas from tropical Asia to northern Australia. It is a terrestrial orchid with a single narrow leaf and between ten and twenty pale green or cream-coloured flowers with purplish markings. It grows in rainforest and woodland.

Green corduroy orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Subtribe: Eulophiinae
Genus: Eulophia
Species:
E. bicallosa
Binomial name
Eulophia bicallosa
(D.Don) P.F.Hunt & Summerh.[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Bletia bicallosa D.Don
  • Limodorum bicallosum (D.Don) Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
  • Graphorkis bicallosa (D.Don) Kuntze
  • Liparis bicallosa (D.Don) Schltr.
  • Epipactis bicarinata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. nom. nud.
  • Cyrtopera bicarinata Lindl.
  • Cyrtopera candida Lindl.
  • Eulophia fitzalanii F.Muell.
  • Eulophia bicarinata (Lindl.) Hook.f.
  • Eulophia candida (Lindl.) Hook.f.
  • Graphorkis bicarinata (Lindl.) Kuntze
  • Graphorkis candida (Lindl.) Kuntze
  • Graphorkis fitzalanii (F.Muell.) Kuntze
  • Cyrtopodium parkinsonii F.Muell. & Kraenzl.
  • Cyrtopera papuana Kraenzl. nom. illeg.
  • Eulophia bicarinata var. major King & Pantl.
  • Eulophia papuana Schltr. in K.M.Schumann & C.A.G.Lauterbach
  • Eulophia versteegii J.J.Sm.
  • Eulophia neopommeranica J.J.Sm. nom. illeg.
  • Eulophia vanoverberghii Ames, Philipp. J. Sci.
  • Eulophia venosa var. papuana (Schltr.) Schltr.
  • Eulophia merrillii Ames
  • Eulophia bicallosa var. major (King & Pantl.)

Description

Eulophia bicallosa is a variable, terrestrial herb with a single dark green, pleated linear leaf 200–400 mm (8–20 in) long and 20–25 mm (0.8–1 in) wide on a stalk 50–150 mm (2–6 in) long. Between ten and twenty pale green or cream-coloured flowers with purplish markings, 25–30 mm (0.98–1.2 in) long and wide are borne on a flowering stem 250–400 mm (10–20 in) long. The sepals are 12–16 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, about 3 mm (0.1 in) wide with the dorsal erect and the lateral sepals spreading widely apart. The petals are 9–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long, about 6 mm (0.2 in) wide and partly covered by the lateral sepals. The labellum is 14–17 mm (0.6–0.7 in) long, 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide and pale green with three lobes. The middle lobe turns downwards and is wavy but the side lobes are upright. Flowering occurs between September and November in Australia and in June China.[2][3][4][5]

Taxonomy and naming

The green corduroy orchid was first formally described in 1825 by David Don who gave it the name Bletium bicallosa and published the description in Prodromus Florae Nepalensis.[6][7] In 1966, Peter Francis Hunt and Victor Summerhayes changed the name to Eulophia bicallosa.[8] The specific epithet (bicallosa) is derived from the Latin prefix bi- meaning "two" or "double"[9]:823 and callosa meaning "with a hard skin",[9]:180 referring to two ridges on the labellum.[10]

Distribution and habitat

Eulophia bicallosa grows in woodland and rainforests in coastal regions of Queensland and in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It also occurs in Hainan province in China and in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and New Guinea.[1][2][3][11]

References
  1. "Eulophia bicallosa". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 358–359. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. "Eulophia bicallosa". Flora of China. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  4. Seidenfaden, Gunnar; Wood, Jeffrey J.; Holttum, Richard Eric (1992). The orchids of peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Denmark: Olsen & Olsen. p. 541. ISBN 8785215244.
  5. "Eulophia bicallosa". Orchids of New Guinea. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  6. "Bletium bicallosa". APNI. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  7. Don, David (1825). Prodromus Florae Nepalensis. London. p. 30. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  8. "Eulophia bicallosa". APNI. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  9. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  10. Brown, Andrew; Dixon, Kingsley; French, Christopher; Brockman, Garry (2013). Field guide to the orchids of Western Australia : the definitive guide to the native orchids of Western Australia. Simon Nevill Publications. p. 491. ISBN 9780980348149.
  11. "Eulophia bicallosa". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
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