Eucalyptus nicholii

Eucalyptus nicholii, commonly known as the narrow-leaved black peppermint or willow peppermint,[2] is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has thick, rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, small, narrow adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven, white flowers and small, hemispherical, bell-shaped or conical fruit.

flower buds
fruit

Narrow-leaved black peppermint
Eucalyptus nicholii, east of Armidale
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. nicholii
Binomial name
Eucalyptus nicholii
E. nicholii , field distribution
Synonyms[1]
  • Eucalyptus acaciaeformis var. linearis H.Deane & Maiden orth. var.
  • Eucalyptus acaciiformis var. linearis H.Deane & Maiden
  • Eucalyptus nicholi Maiden & Blakely orth. var.

Description

Eucalyptus nicholii is a tree that typically grows to a height of 15–18 m (49–59 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has thick, rough, fibrous, yellowish-brown to grey-brown bark with red-brown underlayers. The bark is coarsely fissured on the trunk and branches, but the outer branches sometimes have smooth bark that is shed in short ribbons. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull, greyish, linear to narrow lance-shaped leaves 20–64 mm (0.79–2.52 in) long and 2–10 mm (0.079–0.394 in) wide. Adult leaves are the same dull greyish green on boh sides, narrow lance-shaped, 60–140 mm (2.4–5.5 in) long and 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) wide on a petiole 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) wide with a conical operculum. Flowering occurs from late summer to early autumn and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody hemispherical, bell-shaped or conical capsule 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) wide with the valves protruding slightly above the rim of the fruit.[3][4][5][6]

Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus nicholii was first formally described in 1929 by Joseph Maiden and William Blakely in Maiden's book, A Critical Revision of the genus Eucalyptus. The specific epithet honours Maiden's private secretary and "Chief Clerk, Botanic Gardens", Richard Nicol.[7][8]

Distribution and habitat

The narrow-leaved black peppermint grows in shallow, relatively infertile soils overlying shale and slate bedrock usually as part of grassy or sclerophyll woodlands, in association with Eucalyptus andrewsii and Eucalyptus caliginosa.[5] Its distribution is limited to the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, particularly in the Walcha to Tenterfield, area and to the east. The species is sparsely distributed, but most commonly occurs in the central areas of its range.[6][5]

Conservation status

This eucalyptus is listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. Most specimens occur on private property or on roadsides and few are conserved in nature reserves. The main threats to the species are land clearing and habitat fragmentation, inappropriate fire regimes, grazing by livestock and feral goats, road maintenance and collection of firewood. The entire population is known from fewer than 40 localities, with most not reserved in national parks or state forests.[2][9]

Use in horticulture

This tree is very widely planted as an ornamental in southeastern Australia, the fine, dense foliage being particularly attractive.[6]

See also

References
  1. "Eucalyptus nicholii". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  2. "Approved Conservation Advice for Eucalyptus nicholii (Narrow-leaved peppermint)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  3. "Eucalyptus nicholii". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  4. Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus nicholii". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  5. "Eucalyptus nicholii — Narrow-leaved Peppermint, Narrow-leaved Black Peppermint". Species Profile and Threats Database. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  6. Brooker, M.I.H. & Kleinig, D.A. Field Guide to Eucalyptus, Bloomings, Melbourne 2001
  7. "Eucalyptus nicholii". APNI. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  8. Maiden, Joseph (1929). A Critical Revision of the genus Eucalyptus' ' (Volume 8). Sydney: New South Wales Government Printer. pp. 52–53. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  9. "Narrow-leaved black peppermint - profile". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
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