Engelhardia spicata

Engelhardia spicata is a species of plant in the Juglandaceae family. It is recognized to include the variety E. spicata var. integra (Kurz) W.E. Manning ex Steen.

Engelhardia spicata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Juglandaceae
Genus: Engelhardia
Species:
E. spicata
Binomial name
Engelhardia spicata

Distribution and habitat

Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines. From near sea level to 2100 m, in forests on mountain slopes and in valleys.[1]

In Java it is found in primary evergreen forests and seems to prefer the mountains up to 2500 m, especially frequent in the Casuarina forests on the volcanoes in Central and East Java. It is known to locally form pure stands on the western side of Mount Jang in East Java. Similar local dominance has been observed on Mount Rindjani in Lombok, it has also been observed pioneering in mountain savannas composed of Pittosporum, Homalanthus gigantheus, Vernonia arborea, Dodonaea and Wendlandia, It is often deciduous for a short time and then flowering, not in definite periods.[2]

Fossil record

Pollen fossils of Engelhardia spicata have been recovered from strata of Messinian stage of the Miocene epoch in Western Georgia in the Caucasus region.[3]

  • Engelhardia spicata in Ramnagar Forest, Uttarakhand, India
  • Seeds
  • Artwork by Ernst Philipp Sixtus of Engelhardia spicata flowers

References
  1. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006107
  2. Flora Malesiana - Series1, vol, 6, part 1, December 1960 - Rijksherbarium, Leyden, Holland
  3. The History of the Flora and Vegetation of Georgia by Irina Shatilova, Nino Mchedlishvili, Luara Rukhadze, Eliso Kvavadze, Georgian National Museum Institute of Paleobiology, Tbilisi 2011, ISBN 978-9941-9105-3-1


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