Eithne (opera)

Eithne, also known as Éan an Cheoil Bhinn (The Bird of Sweet Music), is considered by many critics to be the first full-scale opera written and performed in the Irish language. It was written by English/Irish composer Robert O'Dwyer.

For the Irish female name, see Eithne.
Cover of the first edition publication of Eithne (1910)

The work saw its first performance at the Round Room in Dublin's Rotunda during Oireachtas na Gaeilge, a festival of Irish culture, in 1909,[1] conducted by the composer. It was performed again in May 1910 at the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin.[2]

The opera, based on an Irish-language libretto written by Galway Reverend Thomas O'Kelly, covers two acts and includes in its complex plot the presence of stepbrothers, a divine descent to earth and the transformation of a queen into a bird.[3]

Roles
Role[4]Voice typePremiere cast, 2 August 1909
Conductor: Robert O'Dwyer
Taoiseachbaritone
Árd-Rí na hÉireann
Art, son of Árd-Rí na hÉireannbass
Nualamezzo-soprano or contralto
Ceart, son of Árd-Rí na hÉireanntenorAndrew Tyrrell (1909), Joseph O'Mara (1910)
Neart, son of Árd-Rí na hÉireanntenor
An Fathach, giant/ogre
Eithne, princess of Tír na nÓgsopranoEvelyn Duffy
An Ri, King of Tír na nÓg, Eithne's fatherJ. O Carroll Reynolds
ÚnaAnnie Little
DuffachArt Ward
Chorus

Synopsis

In the first act, the plot centres around the High King of Ireland and the election of his heir. Though the warriors wholeheartedly nominate Ceart (the eldest son of the High King), Duffach and his supporters contend that Ceart is a traitor who had murdered the beloved hound of the High King. Nuala, the former nursemaid of Ceart, intervenes and tells the High King that the murder of the hound was actually carried out by Ceart's half brothers Neart and Art. The brothers confess to the murder and the High King sentences them to death. Nuala, to the dismay and anger of the crowd surrounding the High King, intervenes once more and advises the High King against sentencing Neart and Art to death. As a magical bird like motif is heard on the flutes and clarinets of the orchestra, the High King becomes more and more captivated by Nuala's words and abruptly pardons Neart and Art and declares Ceart his heir. After the pardon, the act climaxes with the High King calling for a hunt.

In the second act, the High King, entranced by the sound of a bird, wanders away from the hunt. This begins a journey wherein the High King and Ceart, along with Neart and Art, search for the bird. Upon discovering the mysterious bird, they become mesmerised. It is revealed that the bird is Eithne, a woman cursed by her father, the King of Tír na nÓg, to take that form until a powerful hero comes to win Eithne's hand in marriage. In attempting to enter Tír na nÓg, Ceart faces off against the spirit who guards the gate and successfully overpowers the spirit to gain entry. A further battle with the King of Tír na nÓg ensues and, with the help of a magical sword, Ceart defeats the King. Over the course of the opera, we come to understand that Nuala is the wife of the King of Tír na nÓg and that she had been cursed to live a mortal life by the King during a fit of rage. The King and Queen of Tír na nÓg are ultimately re-united and the spell is broken.

Both Eithne and Nuala ask the King of Tír na nÓg to allow her to marry Ceart but the King maintains that such a marriage cannot take place until he wins Eithne from those among his people who conspire against him. The final act culminates in a confrontation with Ceart's two half brothers on the issue of who should win Eithne's hand in marriage. Ceart ultimately claims Eithne for himself. The herald then announces the death of his father and Ceart is proclaimed as the new High King.

References
  1. "An Irishman's Diary". gaelport.com. Gaelport. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  2. "Performance Considerations for Robert O'Dwyer's Eithne (1909): A Contextual Study and Edited Vocal Score", volume 1 (i.e. without the edited vocal score) of doctorate thesis by Gavan Ring at Dublin City University, January 2016, via Trinity College Dublin, p. 46
  3. Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquiem, volumes XXIV and XXV. Harvard University Press. 2009. p. 46. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  4. Note: voice types were determined by a brief scanning of G. Ring's thesis; a more thorough reading is required.
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