Dorret Boomsma

Dorret I. Boomsma (born 18 November 1957, Huizen, The Netherlands) is a Dutch biological psychologist specializing in genetics and twin studies.

Dorret I. Boomsma
Born (1957-11-18) 18 November 1957
Huizen, The Netherlands
NationalityDutch
Alma materVrije Universiteit, University of Colorado at Boulder
AwardsSpinoza Prize (2001), Membership in the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) (2001)
Scientific career
FieldsBehavioural genetics
Biological psychology
InstitutionsVrije Universiteit

Education
  • Secondary education: Willem de Zwijgerlyceum, Bussum
  • Bachelor's: Vrije Universiteit in Psychology, cum laude, 1979
  • Master's: Vrije Universiteit in Psychophysiology, cum laude, 1983
  • Master's: University of Colorado at Boulder in Biological Psychology/Behavior Genetics, 1983
  • Ph.D.: Vrije Universiteit (thesis: Quantitative Genetics of Cardiovascular Risk), cum laude, 1992

Career

After receiving her Ph.D., Boomsma received an appointment as an assistant professor at the Vrije Universiteit in the Department of Psychonomics. In 1994 she became associate and in 1998 full professor and head of the Department of Biological Psychology.

Twin studies

Boomsma has built a database of over 75,000 twins and family members in The Netherlands,[1] which has been used for dozens of twin studies. The twins and their families have undergone periodic testing over a period of decades, providing a mass of longitudinal data for statistical analysis. A large number of participants have also provided DNA, blood, and urine samples for testing. Her research has primarily focused on better understanding the influence of heredity on various physical and mental diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, pediatric bipolar disorder, and depression. This work has been reported in over 1000 published papers and one book and has led to many awards for Boomsma.

Research

Twin studies[2] provide a way to understand how genotype affects an observable characteristic (called a phenotype). In short, identical (monozygotic) twins carry the same alleles for 100% of their genes whereas fraternal (dizygotic) twins will carry different alleles at 50% of the genes for which their parents had different genotypes. So if some characteristic (say, depression) that is observed in one identical twin is always observed in the other one, but this does not hold for fraternal twins, then one can conclude that heredity plays an important role in causing the condition.

Boomsma has been a pioneer in collecting a broad spectrum of data (e.g., medical histories, IQ tests, MRI scans) and biological material (e.g., DNA and RNA samples, blood and urine samples) from thousands of twins and analyzing them to determine the role of genetics in characteristics as varied as adult height, brain volume, intelligence, migraine headaches, anxiety, drug addiction, and love of coffee.

Her results span a wide range of behavioral characteristics, including discovery of the surprisingly large genetic component to feelings of loneliness,[3] the fact that first borns have higher IQs than their younger siblings,[4] and the increased influence of genetics on body weight as children grow older.[5]

European Research Council Advanced Grant

In 2008, the European Research Council began awarding grants of about 2.5 million euro (about $3.5 million) to the top scientists and scholars in Europe via a competition that covered all academic disciplines. Due to the large amount of money and complete lack of bureaucracy and restrictions, these were extremely competitive, with a very strong applicant pool and a 13% acceptance rate. Boomsma received one of the ERC grants for a project on the genetics of mental illness. Her research is focusing on three themes:

  • Neuropsychiatric disorders (ADHD, anxiety, depression) and cognition
  • Depression, anxiety, substance use, abuse, and dependence
  • Depression, migraine, obesity, and cardiovascular disease

The goal of this research is to use her twin database and biological specimens to try to determine which genes play a role in causing these conditions.

Awards

Boomsma has received several awards for her research. These include:

References
  1. "Vrije Universiteit - Nederlands Tweelingen Register". Retrieved 2009-04-21.
  2. Classical Twin Studies and Beyond, www.nature.com Archived October 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  3. Heredity May Be the Reason Some People Feel Lonely, Science Daily
  4. First-Born Babies More Intelligent than their Siblings, Medguru Archived 2008-05-05 at the Wayback Machine
  5. Body Size in Five-Year-Old Twins: Heritability and Comparison to Singleton Standards, Twin Research and Human Genetics
  6. Baker LA (November 2007). "Foundations of behavioral genetics: student recipients of the Thompson award". Behav. Genet. 37 (6): 727–33. doi:10.1007/s10519-007-9181-0. PMID 17990092. S2CID 147292.
  7. "Dorret Boomsma". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017.
  8. "NWO Spinoza Prize 2001". Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. 5 September 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  9. "Awards Presented at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Behavior Genetics Association, July 6, 2002, Keystone, CO, USA". Behavior Genetics. 32 (6): 495. 2002. doi:10.1023/A:1020840529800. ISSN 0001-8244. S2CID 189840722.
  10. "KNAW > Organisation > Dr Hendrik Muller Prize for Behavioural and Social Sciences". Archived from the original on 2010-11-04. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
  11. "Dorret I. Boomsma". Academia Europaea. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020.
  12. "Historical table of BGA Meetings". BGA. Archived from the original on 2013-05-12. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  13. "Academy Professor Prize awarded to Dorret Boomsma and Bert Meijer". Retrieved 2014-05-16.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.