Dongnyeong Prefectures

Dongnyeong Prefectures was a colony which set in the northwest Korean Peninsula by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China between 1259 and 1290.[1]

Dongnyeong Prefectures
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese東寧府
Korean name
Hangul동녕부
Hanja東寧府
Dongnyeong Prefectures

History

In October 1269, Choe Tan (Korean: 최탄; Hanja: 崔坦), Han Sin (한신; 韓慎), Yi Yeon-nyeong (이연령; 李延齡), Gye Mun-bi (계문비; 桂文庇) and Hyeon Hyo-cheol (현효철; 玄孝哲) rose in rebellion in order to exclude Im Yeon (임연; 林衍), Military Leader of Goryeo, and surrendered to Yuan dynasty with 60 prefectures and cities in northwest part of Goryeo.[2] In following year, Yuan dynasty established Donggyeong prefecture at former west prefecture. Jabi Pass (자비령; 慈悲嶺) as a border belonged to Liaoyang ministry nominated Choe Tan as a commander.[3]

In 1276, Donggyeong prefecture got promoted to Donggyeong circuit.[4] This promotion there was no description in Goryeosa. Also in the clause of August, 1276 and February 1290, the description of Donggyeong prefecture can be seen.[5] It is inferred that Donggyeong circuit was renamed as Donggyeong prefecture shortly.

After this, the political relationship between Yuan dynasty and Goryeo was strengthen. In July 1290, Donggyeong prefecture was abolished and jurisdiction was transfer to Goryeo. Donggyeong prefecture was ended its 20 years of history.[6]

Controversy

In Goryeosa, there were some records (New year's clause in 1364,[7] November's clause in 1369[8] and new year's clause in 1370[9]) tells that Donggyeong prefecture was established in Yuan dynasty again. However, there were no descriptions about Donggyeong prefecture in China's records after 1290. In the end of Yuan dynasty, it suddenly appeared in Goryeosa. There are two hypocrisies about this. One is that in 1290, Donggyeong prefecture was not abolished but transferred to Liaoyang area. And the other was that Donggyeong prefecture was abolished in 1290,[10][11] but reestablished in Yuan dynasty in the period of confusion.[12]

See also

References
  1. Encyclopedia Nipponica Mitsuo Yoshida (ja:吉田光男: Professor of Korean History at University of Tokyo) :"Yuan dynasty occupied Pyongan Province which was northern Jabi pass, area of Hwanghae Province and made it direct-governed administration.
  2. Goryeosa 巻26
  3. Goryeosa 巻130 崔坦伝
  4. History of Yuan 巻59 地理志二
  5. Goryeosa 巻28
  6. Goryeosa 巻30 忠烈王世家三 忠烈王16年3月条
  7. 己丑東寧路万戸吐朴伯也大入寇延州、崔瑩撃却之
  8. 高麗遣元統帥将撃東寧府、以絶北元
  9. 高麗派大将李成桂入侵遼東、東寧府同知李吾魯帖木児童帰降（中略）東至皇城、北至東寧府、西至於海、南至鴨緑、為之一空
  10. 刁書仁・卜照晶 「論元末明初中国与高麗、朝鮮的辺界之争」『北華大学学報』2001年第1期
  11. 張博泉・蘇金源・董玉瑛『東北歴代疆域史』吉林人民出版 1981年
  12. 李治安・薛磊『中国行政区区画通史 元代巻』復旦大学出版社 2009年
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