Dodecylbenzene

Dodecylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula C12H25C6H5.Dodecylbenzene is a colorless liquid with a weak oily odor. Floats on water.

Dodecylbenzene
Names
IUPAC name
Dodecylbenzene
Other names
1-Phenyldodecane, Phenyldodecane, n-Dodecylbenzene, Laurylbenzene
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1909107
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.175
EC Number
  • 204-591-8
RTECS number
  • CZ9540000
UNII
Properties
C18H30
Molar mass 246.43 g/mol
Appearance colourless liquid
Density 0.856 g/cm3
Melting point −7 °C (19 °F; 266 K)
Boiling point 290 to 410 °C (554 to 770 °F; 563 to 683 K) (mixture of isomers)
insoluble
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word Warning
H315, H400, H410, H413
P264, P273, P280, P302+352, P321, P332+313, P362, P391, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilHealth code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
1
0
Flash point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

This colourless waxy solid consists of a dodecyl group (C12H25) attached to a phenyl group (C6H5). Dodecylbenzene is a precursor to sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, a surfactant that is a key ingredient of household laundry detergents, such as detergent powder.[1]

Production

This compound and some related alkylbenzene are produced industrially by alkylation of benzene with the corresponding alkenes in the presence of hydrogen fluoride or related acid catalysts. The resulting linear alkylbenzene compounds are sulfonated to give the corresponding sulfonic acids. This sulfonation can be highly specific to place the sulfonic acid group across the ring, in the 4-position. The resulting sulfonic acid is then neutralized with base to give sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, which is subsequently blended with other components to give various cleaning products.[1]

Dodecylbenzene (and its isomers) are precursors to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate detergents.[2]

References
  1. Kurt Kosswig,"Surfactants" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2005, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_747
  2. Bipin V. Vora, Joseph A. Kocal, Paul T. Barger, Robert J. Schmidt, James A. Johnson (2003). "Alkylation". Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0112112508011313.a01.pub2.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
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