Directive 2009/28/EC

Directive 2009/28/EC is a European Union directive which mandates levels of renewable energy use within the European Union from 2009 to 2021.[1] The directive was published on 23 April 2009 and amends and repealed Directive 2001/77/EC. The directive required that 20 percent of the energy consumed within the European Union is renewable. This target is pooled among the member states.[2] Directive (EU) 2018/2001 repeals Directive 2009/28/EC on 1 July 2021.[3]

Directive 2009/28/EC
European Union directive
TitleRenewable Energy Directive
Made byEuropean Parliament and Council
Journal referenceL 140, 5 June 2009, pp. 16–62
Other legislation
ReplacesDirective 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC
AmendsDirective 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC
Replaced by2018/2001/EC

EU leaders had already reached agreement in March 2007 that, in principle, 20% of the bloc's final energy consumption should be produced from renewable energy sources by 2020 as part of its drive to cut carbon dioxide emissions.[4] This policy later became part of the EU 2020 Energy Strategy dated 10 November 2010.[5] The key objectives of the strategy are to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20%, to increase the share of renewable energy to 20%, and to achieve energy savings of 20% or more. The targets are mutually dependent.[6]

The draft report on the directive was published by the European Commission in January 2008. Claude Turmes served as rapporteur on the draft.

Members states were obliged to notify the European Commission by 30 June 2010 of a National Renewable Energy Action Plan which sets out the road map of the trajectory. Member states also have to submit progress reports explaining their implementation of the directive and their progress towards their targets, as is required by article 22 of the directive.

A June 2015 report from the European Commission shows that EU countries are on track to meet the aggregate 20% goal.[7][8]

National targets for renewable energy sources

The overall EU target for renewable energy use is 20% by the year 2020. Targets for renewable energy in each country vary from a minimum of 10% in Malta to 72% of total energy use in Iceland.

National overall targets for the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in 2020
National overall targets2005 share2020 target
Austria23.3%34%
Belgium2.2%13%
Bulgaria9.4%16%
Cyprus2.9%13%
Czech Republic6.1%13%
Denmark17.0%30%
Estonia18.0%25%
Finland28.5%38%
France10.3%23%
Germany5.8%18%
Greece6.9%18%
Hungary4.3%13%
Iceland *63.4%72%
Ireland3.1%16%
Italy5.2%17%
Latvia32.6%40%
Lithuania15.0%23%
Luxembourg0.9%11%
Malta0.0%10%
Netherlands2.4%14%
Norway *60.1%67.5%
Poland7.2%15%
Portugal20.5%31%
Romania17.8%24%
Slovakia6.7%14%
Slovenia16.0%25%
Spain8.7%20%
Sweden39.8%49%
United Kingdom1.3%15%
* Iceland and Norway have submitted Renewable Energy Action Plans to the EU Commission with 2020 targets and details of their development steps.[9]

See also

References
  1. Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC. Brussels, Belgium: European Council. 5 June 2009. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  2. "Deal secured on ambitious EU renewables law". EurActiv. 9 December 2008. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  3. "New Renewables, Energy Efficiency and Governance legislation comes into force on 24 December 2018". European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  4. "EU renewable energy policy". EurActiv. 7 November 2007. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  5. Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – Energy 2020: a strategy for competitive, sustainable and secure energy – COM(2010) 639 final. European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  6. "EU 2020 Energy Strategy". European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  7. "EU on track to meeting 20% renewable energy target". European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
  8. Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – Renewable energy progress report – COM(2015) 293 final. European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2016. The URL points to a zip file.
  9. "National action plans". European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
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