Diphenylphosphoryl azide

Diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) is an organic compound. It is widely used as a reagent in the synthesis of other organic compounds.[2]

Diphenylphosphoryl azide
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Diphenyl phosphorazidate[1]
Other names
Diphenoxyphosphoryl azide
Diphenylphosphonic azide
Diphenyl azidophosphate
Phosphoric acid diphenyl ester azide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations DPPA
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.043.298
UNII
Properties
C12H10N3O3P
Molar mass 275.204 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless or faintly yellow liquid
Density 1.277 g/cm3
Boiling point 157 °C (315 °F; 430 K) (0.2 mmHg)
Hazards
Toxic (T)
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilHealth code 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
4
0
Flash point 112 °C (234 °F; 385 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Uses

DPPA undergoes pseudohalogen replacement of the azido group by treatment with nucleophilic reagents, such as ammonia and various amines.

This compound is used as a reagent for the synthesis of peptides by virtue of its reactions with carboxylic acids leading to either the urethane or the amide. The formation of the urethane is particularly valuable since it works with carboxylic acids which fail to undergo the Schmidt reaction, and is believed to involve transfer of the azido group to the carboxylic acid.

It is now suggested that this reaction proceeds through the intermediate mixed anhydride, resulting from attack by the nucleophilic carboxylate anion on the phosphorus atom, with expulsion of the azide ion. The latter then attacks the carbonyl carbon atom, to give the acyl azide and loss of the diphenylphosphate anion, known to be a good leaving group. Finally, the acyl azide reacts in the normal manner to give the urethane.

Studies show that DPPA reacts with amines giving the corresponding phosphoramidates; it therefore appears that formation of the amide similarly involves the intermediate anhydride, followed by nucleophilic substitution by the amine.

In the synthesis of NSAIDs, DPPA is able to rearrange a propanoyl group into an isopropanoic acid.[3]

Safety

DPPA is very toxic and a potential explosive like most other azide compounds.

See also

References
  1. Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. pp. 923, 931. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
  2. R. J. W. Cremlyn (1973). "Some Reactions of O,O-Diphenylphosporyl Azide". Australian Journal of Chemistry. 26 (7): 1591–3. doi:10.1071/CH9731591.
  3. Kawai, Nobutaka; Kato, Nobuharu; Hamada, Yasumasa; Shioiri, Takayuki (1983). "New methods and reagents in organic synthesis. 35. A new synthesis of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents with the 2-arylpropionic acid skeleton by the use of diphenyl phosphorazidate (DPPA) as a 1,3-dipole". Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 31 (9): 3139–3148. doi:10.1248/cpb.31.3139. ISSN 0009-2363.
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