Death of Giorgiana Masi
Giorgiana Masi (August 6, 1958 – May 12, 1977) was an Italian student and activist who was killed during a protest in Rome on May 12, 1977. The circumstances of her death are unclear.
 A view of Ponte Garibaldi, where Masi died | |
| Date | May 12, 1977 |
|---|---|
| Location | Ponte Garibaldi, Rome |
| Cause | Hit by a .22 caliber bullet to the abdomen |
| Outcome | No indictment |
| Deaths | 1 |
Background
The political climate
The violent political climate which characterized Italy in the 1970s was greatly noticeable in Rome. On February 17, 1977, clashes erupted at Sapienza University, when the student movement (including members of Indiani Metropolitani and Autonomia Operaia) violently opposed a speech by CGIL (Italian General Confederation of Labour) secretary Luciano Lama.[1] On March 12, 1977, during a widely attended protest march, gunfight between police officers and demonstrators was narrowly averted. On April 21, 1977, autonomist students tried once again to occupy Sapienza University. When police came to clear them, they responded with Molotov cocktails and gunfire.
In the confrontation that followed, police officer Settimio Passamonti was killed and three other officers were injured.[2] The following day, Minister of the Interior Francesco Cossiga announced a city-wide ban on all public demonstrations, which lasted until the end of the month.[3]
The victim
Born on August 6, 1958, Giorgiana Masi lived with her parents and older sister on Via Trionfale, Roma, near the San Filippo Neri hospital. In 1977, she was attending her fifth and last year of Liceo scientifico "L. Pasteur." A member of the Radical Party and feminist activist, Masi was attending the radical sit-in together with boyfriend Gianfranco Papini on May 12, 1977, when she was killed.[4]
Incident
On May 12, 1977, the Radical Party and the far-left organization Lotta Continua held a sit-in in Piazza Navona, Rome. The demonstration aimed at protesting against recent measures banning public manifestations, celebrating the third anniversary since the divorce referendum, and collecting signatures supporting the upcoming referendums on party financing and public order. Activists were joined by students from the Movement of 1977 and members of Autonomia Operaia, some of which were armed. About 5,000 law enforcement agents gathered, as well, supported by plainclothes officers hidden through the protesters' ranks.[2]
Several incidents broke out during the afternoon. Around 2:00 p.m., Piazza Navona was closed to traffic by police and incendiary bombs, tear gas and gunshots were fired. By 7:00 p.m., mediation efforts by some members of Parliament appeared to have made a safe evacuation of the demonstrators possible, towards the rione of Trastevere through Garibaldi Bridge.
As the evacuation began, incidents got more serious. Gunshots and smoke bombs were fired. Police were lined up on the northern part of the bridge, on the side of Via Arenula, while protesters were running away southwards, toward Piazza Belli. At 7:55 p.m., in the turmoil, bystanders saw Giorgiana Masi fall to the ground as if tripping over and being put in a car, which took her to the hospital, where she was pronounced dead. She had been shot in the back with a .22 caliber gun.[5]
Though her assailant is unknown to this day, Marco Pannella and his Radical Party reported, on several occasions, accusations against the Minister of the Interior, Francesco Cossiga, as the morally responsible of Masi's death, stressing the presence of armed undercover agents among the protesters. Cossiga sent the accusation back to Pannella, supposedly guilty of holding the demonstration despite the well-known related risks.[6][7]
References
- Caprara, Maurizio (February 17, 2017). "17 febbraio 1977, Lama contestato alla Sapienza dal Movimento studentesco". Corriere della Sera. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
- "L'omicidio di Giorgiana Masi, 40 anni fa". Il Post. May 12, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
- "Atti parlamentari - Camera dei Deputati. Seduta di martedì 22 febbraio 1977" (PDF). Camera dei Deputati. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
- De Mauro, Giovanni (May 17, 2012). "Maggio". Internazionale (949). Retrieved May 9, 2020.
- "Libro Bianco del Partito Radicale sull'uccisione di Giorgiana Masi e sui fatti del 12 Maggio 1977: "Cronaca di una strage"". Radicali Italiani. April 1979. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
- "Giorgiana Masi, la verità di Cossiga. "Forse uccisa dai suoi compagni"". la Repubblica. May 17, 2005. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
- Cazzullo, Aldo (January 25, 2007). "«Non rimanderei i blindati in piazza. Molti Autonomi Finirono Nelle Br»". Corriere Della Sera. Retrieved May 9, 2020.