Dasineura urticae

The nettle pouch gall develops in leaf veins, leaf petioles, flower stalks and sometimes the stem of Urtica dioica and Urtica urens. This structure is caused by the gall midge or gnat Dasineura urticae,[1] also spelled Dasyneura urticae.[2] Synonyms are Perrisia urticae and Cecidomyia urticae.[3]

Dasineura urticae
Pouch gall on a leaf vein
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Cecidomyiidae
Genus: Dasineura
Species:
D. urticae
Binomial name
Dasineura urticae
(Perris, 1840)

Physical appearance of the galls
Pouch gall on nettle petiole

The galls are irregularly shaped, smooth, often shiny, and coloured from purplish to pale green, exhibiting thickened walls, with a narrow slit-shaped opening, normally on the underside.[1] The size is from 3–8 mm. A number of galls are often found next to each other on the same or different plant structures, and they may coalesce.[1][3] The galls are mainly found around the growing apex and exhibit a wide range of forms, dependent on the organ in which they are situated.[3]

Life-cycle
A typical cecidomyiid laying eggs on grass

Several, or sometimes one white larva are found in each gall, feeding upon the plant tissues.[1] The galls are first seen in May, mature in the autumn, at which point the larvae leave the pouch gall and pupates in the ground. The adults emerge in the following spring and the cycle starts again.[3]

Predators and inquilines

A common gall; red, pink or orange larvae are sometimes also found within the pouch of the galls. These larvae are predator or inquiline cecids flies.[1]

Distribution

The nettle pouch gall shows a scattered distribution throughout the United Kingdom and is under recorded.[4]

References
  1. Redfern, Page 467
  2. Stubbs, Page 72
  3. Darlington, Page 141
  4. NBN Gateway

Sources
  • Darlington, Arnold (1968). The Pocket Encyclopaedia of Plant Galls in colour. Pub. Blandford Press. Dorset. ISBN 0-7137-0748-8
  • Redfern, Margaret & Shirley, Peter (2002). British Plant Galls. Identification of galls on plants & fungi. AIDGAP. Shrewsbury : Field Studies Council. ISBN 1-85153-214-5.
  • Stubbs, F. B. Edit. (1986) Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls. Pub. Brit Plant Gall Soc. ISBN 0-9511582-0-1.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.