Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole
The Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole, also known as Daman and Diu Indo-Portuguese and, to its speakers, as Língua da Casa (Portuguese for "Home language"), refers to varieties of Portuguese-based creole spoken in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, especially in Daman district and Diu district. Before the Indian annexation of the territory, the Daman creole went through a profound decreolisation by Standard Portuguese of Goa, a phenomenon whereby the Indo-Portuguese creole reconverged with Standard Portuguese.
| Daman and Diu Portuguese | |
|---|---|
| Língua da Casa | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, especially Daman district and Diu district |
Native speakers | 4,000 in Daman district and ca. 180 in Diu district (2010)[1] |
Portuguese Creole
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | idb |
| Glottolog | dama1278 |
| Linguasphere | 51-AAC-agb |
Daman Indo-Portuguese
The Daman creole is a descendant of the Norteiro creole, spoken originally by the Norteiros on the Coast from Chaul, Baçaim, Bombay, Daman and Diu.
The superstrate language is Portuguese. The substrate of the Daman creole is likely to be Konkani. Gujarati has also been suggested as a possible substrate, but this is doubtful since the Gujarati people moved into the region only after the Portuguese arrived.
Diu Indo-Portuguese
The Diu Indo-Portuguese or Diu Portuguese is spoken in Diu district, India. It is a creole language based mainly on Portuguese and Gujarati. It is a member of the larger family of Indo-Portuguese creoles, particularly close to the variety of Daman.[1] There is a considerably vital oral tradition in this language, with songs regularly performed in Diu, elsewhere in India and among Indo-Portuguese communities abroad.
Widely spoken in the past, it was first documented in the 19th century by the initiative of Hugo Schuchardt.[2] At present, the language is spoken natively by most of the local Catholics, numbering about 180, but is potentially endangered by the pressure of other languages such as Gujarati, English and standard Portuguese.[1][3]
Number of speakers
The Portuguese heritage in Daman is more common and lively than in Goa and this helped to keep the language alive. The language is spoken by an estimated number of 2,000 Damanese. However, the Damanese Portuguese-Indian Association says that there are 10– 12,000 Portuguese speakers in the territory of 110,000 residents. Sunday Mass is celebrated in Portuguese.
Besides the lingua da casa, Gujarati and Portuguese are also found in the territory.
See also
References
- Cardoso, Hugo (30 October 2010). "The Death of an Indian-born Language". Open Magazine.
- Schuchardt (1883)
- Cardoso (2009)
- Daman
- Dalgado, Sebastião Rodolfo (1903). Dialecto indo-português de Damão. Lisbon.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Diu
- Schuchardt, Hugo (1883). "Kreolische Studien III. Ueber das Indoportugiesische von Diu". Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 103. Wien. pp. 3–18. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cardoso, Hugo C. (2009). The Indo-Portuguese language of Diu (PDF). LOT. ISBN 978-9078328872.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cardoso, Hugo C. (2018). "The Creole of Diu in Hugo Schuchardt's Archive". South Asian Studies. 34 (1): 17–32. doi:10.1080/02666030.2018.1440058. S2CID 192346477.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)