Dalbergia oliveri

Dalbergia oliveri[4] is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae which grows in tree form to 15 – 30 meters in height (up to 100 ft.). The fruit is a green pod containing one to two seeds which turn brown to black when ripe. It is threatened by habitat loss and over-harvesting for its valuable red "rosewood" timber.

Dalbergia oliveri
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Dalbergia
Species:
D. oliveri
Binomial name
Dalbergia oliveri
Gamble ex Prain
Synonyms[2]
  • Amerimnon bariense Pierre
  • Amerimnon dongnaiense Pierre
  • Amerimnon duperreanum Pierre
  • Amerimnon mammosum Pierre
  • Dalbergia bariensis Pierre
  • Dalbergia dongnaiensis Pierre
  • Dalbergia duperreana Pierre
  • Dalbergia mammosa Pierre
  • Dalbergia laccifera Laness.[3]
  • Dalbergia prazeri Prain

University of Oxford published the transcriptomes of Dalbergia oliveri and five other Dalbergia spp.[5] It was found that D. oliveri had more R genes than the co-occurring Dalbergia cochinchinensis.

Distribution naming and synonyms

The trees are found in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Common names in S.E. Asia are: Cambodian: "Neang Nuon", Thai: "Mai Ching Chan" (ไม้ชิงชัน), Laos: "Mai Kham Phii" (ໄມ້ຄຳພີ), Myanmar: "tamalan" (တမလန်း).

In Vietnamese cẩm lai or trắc lai is a generic name for "rosewood" trees. Based at the Saigon Botanic Gardens, the French botanist JBL Pierre described a number of local variations in tree dimensions and characteristics of seed pods (which are usually glabrous).[6] Species he named are now considered to be synonyms:

  • D. bariensis: cẩm lai bông, cẩm lai Bà Rịa – 15-20 m trees – pods 25 x 120mm, usually 1 seeded
  • D. dongnaiense: cẩm lai Ðồng Nai – 10-15 m trees – pods 30-45 x 100-110mm, 1 seed
  • D. duperreana: trắc (Cambodia) – 10-20 m trees – pods 27-40 x 120mm
  • D. mammosa: cẩm lai vú - 20 m trees – pods 22 x 100mm, not narrowing on 1-2 seeds
  • D. olivieri: cẩm lai bông - 25 m trees – pods 17 x 60-80mm, 1 or 2 (rarely 3) seeds

Uses

The wood of this rosewood-family tree is valuable for ornamental work including Woodturning and furniture. The sapwood is yellowish-white with dark brown heartwood. The heartwood is very hard and heavy. The lumber is sold under the names Burmese rosewood, Laos rosewood, and Asian rosewood.

In contrast to the co-occurring Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Dalbergia oliveri avoids drought by chlorophyll content and compromise productivity. Its isohydric behaviour suggests it is suitable to be grown in deciduous forests.[7]

References
  1. Nghia, N.H. 1998. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (retrieved 09 October 2020)
  2. Plants of the World Online (retrieved 8 October 2020)
  3. "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  4. Gamble JS ex Prain D (1897) J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 451.
  5. Hung, Tin Hang; So, Thea; Sreng, Syneath; Thammavong, Bansa; Boounithiphonh, Chaloun; Boshier, David H.; MacKay, John J. (2020-10-20). "Reference transcriptomes and comparative analyses of six species in the threatened rosewood genus Dalbergia". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 17749. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74814-2. ISSN 2045-2322.
  6. Phạm Hoàng Hộ (1999) Cây Cỏ Việt Nam: an Illustrated Flora of Vietnam vol. I publ. Nhà Xuẩt Bản Trẻ, HCMC, VN.
  7. Hung, Tin Hang; Gooda, Rosemary; Rizzuto, Gabriele; So, Thea; Thammavong, Bansa; Tran, Hoa Thi; Jalonen, Riina; Boshier, David H.; MacKay, John J. "Physiological responses of rosewoods Dalbergia cochinchinensis and D. oliveri under drought and heat stresses". Ecology and Evolution. n/a (n/a). doi:10.1002/ece3.6744. ISSN 2045-7758.
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