Cypripedium parviflorum

Cypripedium parviflorum, commonly known as yellow lady's slipper[2] or moccasin flower,[3] is a lady's slipper orchid native to North America.[1] It is widespread, ranging from Alaska south to Arizona and Georgia.[4]

Cypripedium parviflorum
Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin
Mackinac Island, Michigan
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Cypripedioideae
Genus: Cypripedium
Species:
C. parviflorum
Binomial name
Cypripedium parviflorum
Salisb.
Synonyms[1]
  • Cypripedium luteum var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Raf.
  • Criosanthes parviflora (Salisb.) Raf.
  • Calceolus parviflorus (Salisb.) Nieuwl.
  • Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fernald
  • Cypripedium hirsutum var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Rolfe
  • Cypripedium bulbosum var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Farw.
  • Cypripedium calceolus subsp. parviflorum (Salisb.) Hultén

Taxonomy

C. parviflorum is a highly variable species, which is a result of both hybridization and phenotypic plasticity.[5]

Four varieties are widely recognized. They are:[6]

  • C. parviflorum var. exiliens Sheviak – Alaska
  • C. parviflorum var. makasin (Farwell) Sheviak – commonly called the "northern yellow lady's-slipper";[7] widely distributed over much of Canada and the northern United States
  • C. parviflorum var. parviflorum – commonly called the "small yellow lady's-slipper";[8] southern part of the species range, from eastern Nebraska and eastern Oklahoma east to Virginia and New Hampshire
  • C. parviflorum var. pubescens (Willdenow) O. W. Knight – commonly called the "large yellow lady's-slipper";[8] very widespread across much of United States, Canada, and St. Pierre & Miquelon; treated by many authors as a distinct species, Cypripedium pubescens
  • C. parviflorum var. parviflorum, showing pubescent bract and dark maroon sepals
  • C. parviflorum var. pubescens, showing yellow-green sepals spotted with maroon

References
  1. "Cypripedium parviflorum". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. "Cypripedium parviflorum". Go Botany. New England Wildflower Society.
  3. Voitk, Andrus; Voitk, Maria (2006). Orchids on the Rock: The Orchids of Newfoundland. Rocky Harbour, NL: Gros Morne Co-operating Association.
  4. "Cypripedium parviflorum distribution map". Flora of North America.
  5. Sheviak, Charles J. (2002). "Cypripedium parviflorum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 26. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. "Cypripedium parviflorum". North American Orchid Conservation Center (NAOOC), Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. 2018.
  7. "Northern Yellow Lady's-slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin)". Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
  8. Weakley, Alan (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
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