Crepis vesicaria

Crepis vesicaria is a European species of flowering plant in the daisy family with the common name beaked hawk's-beard.[2][3] It is native to the Western and Southern Europe from Ireland and Portugal east as far as Germany, Austria, and Greece.[3] It became naturalized in scattered locations in North America.[3][4]

Crepis vesicaria
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Tribe:	Cichorieae
Genus:	Crepis
Species:	C. vesicaria
Binomial name
Crepis vesicaria L.
Synonyms[1]
Synonymy Barkhausia hiemalis Spreng. Barkhausia leucorhodia Rchb. Barkhausia macrophylla (Desf.) Spreng. Barkhausia raphanifolia Spreng. Barkhausia scariosa (Willd.) Rchb. Barkhausia taraxacoides Rchb. Barkhausia vesicaria (L.) Spreng. Crepis bicolor Rchb. Crepis hiemalis Biv. Crepis macrophylla Desf. Crepis raphanifolia Willd. Crepis raphanifolia Hornem. Crepis scariosa Willd. Crepis taraxacoides Desf. Hieracioides vesicarium (L.) Kuntze Lagoseris raphanifolia (Willd.) Link Lagoseris taraxacoides Rchb. Barkhausia comata Lowe, syn. of subsp. andryaloides Barkhausia dubia Lowe, syn. of subsp. andryaloides Barkhausia hieracioides Lowe, syn. of subsp. andryaloides Crepis andryaloides Lowe, syn. of subsp. andryaloides Crepis comata (Lowe) Banks & Sol., syn. of subsp. andryaloides Crepis hieracioides (Lowe) F.W.Schultz, syn. of subsp. andryaloides Crepis lowei Sch.Bip., syn. of subsp. andryaloides Hieracioides loweanum Kuntze, syn. of subsp. andryaloides Sonchus lowei (Sch.Bip.) Bolle, syn. of subsp. andryaloides Barkhausia bivoniana Rchb., syn. of subsp. bivonana Barkhausia purpurea Biv., syn. of subsp. bivonana Crepis bivoniana (Rchb.) Soldano & F.Conti, syn. of subsp. bivonana Crepis purpurea (Biv.) Steud., syn. of subsp. bivonana Barkhausia hyemalis Biv., syn. of subsp. hyemalis Crepis hyemalis (Biv.) Ces. & al., syn. of subsp. hyemalis Crepis hyemalis Ces., Pass. & Gibelli, syn. of subsp. hyemalis Crepis reflexa Guss., syn. of subsp. hyemalis Hieracioides hyemale (Biv.) Kuntze, syn. of subsp. hyemalis Barkhausia floribunda Pomel, syn. of subsp. myriocephala Crepis floribunda Pomel, syn. of subsp. myriocephala Barkhausia hirsuta Pomel, syn. of subsp. stellata Crepis hirsuta Pomel, syn. of subsp. stellata Crepis stellata Ball, syn. of subsp. stellata Barkhausia hackelii (Lange) Colmeiro, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Barkhausia haenseleri Boiss. ex DC., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Barkhausia heterocarpa Boiss., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Barkhausia intybacea (Brot.) Spreng., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Barkhausia laciniata Lowe, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Barkhausia numidica Pomel, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Barkhausia praecox (Balb.) Rchb., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Barkhausia recognita (Haller f.) DC., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Barkhausia reflexa C.Presl & J.Presl, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Barkhausia taraxacifolia (Thuill.) DC., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis cinerea Desf., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis hackelii Lange, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis haenseleri (Boiss. ex DC.) F.W.Schultz, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis heterocarpa Nyman, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis intybacea Brot., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis laciniata Lowe, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis numidica Pomel, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis polymorpha Pourr., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis praecox Balb., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis recognita Haller f., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis ruderalis Boucher, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis rutilans Lacaita, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis scabra Willd., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis taraxacifolia Thuill., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis taurinensis Willd., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Crepis umbellata Thuill., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Hieracioides taraxacifolium (Thuill.) Kuntze, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Lagoseris intybacea (Brot.) Hoffmanns. & Link, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Lagoseris taraxacifolia (Thuill.) Steud., syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia Lagoseris taurinensis (Willd.) Link, syn. of subsp. taraxacifolia

Crepis vesicaria is an annual, biennial, or perennial herb up to 120 cm (48 inches or 4 feet) tall, producing a large underground caudex. Each plant can have as many as 20 flower heads, each with up to 70 ray florets but no disc florets. It grows on hillsides and in sandy clearings.[5]

A prominent plant, Crepis vesicaria stands erect, with many branches, each ending in its own dandelion-like flower.[6]

The underside of the flower has two layers of leaf-like phyllaries. The inner layer is longer and pointed, and often curls back away from the rest of the flower head. The outer layer is substantially shorter.[6]

Subspecies

Subspecies include:[1]

• Crepis vesicaria subsp. andryaloides (Lowe) Babc.
• Crepis vesicaria subsp. bivonana (Soldano & F.Conti) Giardina & Raimondo
• Crepis vesicaria subsp. hyemalis (Biv.) Babc.
• Crepis vesicaria subsp. myriocephala (Batt.) Babc.
• Crepis vesicaria subsp. stellata (Ball) Babc.
• Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Thuill.) Thell.
• Crepis vesicaria subsp. vesicaria

References

1. The Plant List, Crepis vesicaria L.
2. "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
3. Altervista Flora Italiana, Radicchiella rosea, Beaked hawksbeard, Löwenzahn-Pippau, blåsfibbla, Crepis vesicaria L. includes photos and European distribution map
4. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
5. Flora of North America, Beaked hawksbeard Crepis vesicaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 805. 1753.
6. Jepson, Willis Linn (1909). A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif.: Cunningham, Curtis & Welch. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.7604.