Corybas cryptanthus

Corybas cryptanthus, commonly known as the hidden spider orchid or icky,[2] is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It has no obvious leaves and the mostly white flower is usually buried in leaf litter. The plant is usually only detected by its fruiting capsule which is borne on a stem which elongates up to 280 mm (10 in) high.

Hidden spider orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Corybas
Species:
C. cryptanthus
Binomial name
Corybas cryptanthus
Hatch[1]
Synonyms

Description

Corybas cryptanthus is a terrestrial, perennial, saprophytic, herb with its leaves reduced to tiny triangular scales on horizontal rhizoids buried in leaf litter. There is a single more or transparent whitish to pinkish flower with red or purple streaks. Its dorsal sepal is 10–14 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long and lance-shaped. The lateral sepals and petals are thread-like, the lateral sepals longer than the petals and often appear above the leaf litter. The labellum is up to 15 mm (0.6 in) long with its end covered with many branched lobes covered with tiny cilia. Flowering occurs from June to October following which the flowering stem elongates greatly, with the fruiting capsule on the end up to 280 mm (10 in) above the litter layer.[2][3]

Taxonomy

Edwin Hatch was the first to formally describe this species in 1951 but he gave it the name Corybas saprophyticus, unaware that the name had already been used for a different orchid. The name was therefore a nom. illeg. and in 1956 Hatch changed the name to Corybas cryptanthus. The original and the corrected descriptions were published in Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand.[1][4][5] The specific epithet (cryptanthus) is derived from Ancient Greek words kryptos meaning "hidden" or "secret"[6]:234 and anthos meaning "flower".[6]:338

Distribution and habitat

The hidden spider orchid grows in dense shrubland and tall forest in partly decomposed leaf litter. It occurs on the North, South and Three Kings Islands.[2][3]

Ecology

It has been suggested that C. cryptanthus is partly a parasite on the roots of southern beech trees, obtaining nutrients via a fungus.[7]

References
  1. "Corybas cryptanthus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. de Lange, Peter. "Corybas cryptanthus". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  3. "Corybas cryptanthus". New Zealand Native Orchid Group. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  4. Hatch, Edwin D. (1951). "A new species of Corybas Salisbury, and a note on some name changes in Wahlenbergia Schrader". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 79: 366–368. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  5. Hatch, Edwin D. (1956). "Name changes in the orchid genus Corybas Salisbury". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 83: 577. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  6. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  7. Campbell, Ella O. (1972). "The morphology of the fungal association of Corybas cryptanthus". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 2 (1): 43–47. doi:10.1080/03036758.1972.10423302.
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