Conus parius

Conus parius
	Apertural and abapertural views of shell of Conus parius Reeve, L.A., 1844
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Conoidea
Family:	Conidae
Genus:	Conus
Species:	C. parius
Binomial name
	Conus parius; Reeve, 1844
Synonyms[1]
	Conus (Phasmoconus) parius Reeve, 1844 · accepted, alternate representation; Graphiconus parius (Reeve, 1844); Phasmoconus parius (Reeve, 1844);

Conus parius, common name the Parian cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.[1]

Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.

Description

The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 46 mm. The color of the shell is white to pale yellowish, often longitudinally indistinctly marked with deeper coloring. The spire is striate. The lower part of the body whorl is distantly sulcate.[2]

Conantokin-Pr1, -Pr2 and -Pr3 are toxins derived from the venom of Conus parius. These small neurotoxic peptides have been found to act as NMDA antagonists in vitro, and stimulate production of the transcription factor CREB in the brain.[3]

Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines and Indonesia; off Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu

References

Conus parius Reeve, 1844. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 27 March 2010.
G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences
Kunda, S; Cheriyan, J; Hur, M; Balsara, R. D.; Castellino, F. J. (2013). "Antagonist properties of Conus parius peptides on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and their effects on CREB signaling". PLoS ONE. 8 (11): e81405. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081405. PMC 3832412. PMID 24260577.

J.B. Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres t. 11 Paris,Verdière,1845
Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp.
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1–23

External links

The Conus Biodiversity website
Cone Shells - Knights of the Sea
"Graphiconus parius". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

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[WoRMS-1] Conus parius Reeve, 1844. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 27 March 2010.

[2] G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences

[3] Kunda, S; Cheriyan, J; Hur, M; Balsara, R. D.; Castellino, F. J. (2013). "Antagonist properties of Conus parius peptides on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and their effects on CREB signaling". PLoS ONE. 8 (11): e81405. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081405. PMC 3832412. PMID 24260577.