Comparison of virtual private network services

This article is a comparison of virtual private network services.

In computer magazines, VPN services are typically judged on connection speeds; privacy protection, including privacy at signup and grade of encryption; server count and locations; interface usability; and cost.[1][2][3][4] In order to determine the degree of privacy and anonymity, various computer magazines, such as PC World and PC Magazine, also take the provider's own guarantees and its reputation among news items into consideration.[1][2]

Definitions

The following definitions clarify the meaning of the column headers in the comparison tables below.

Anonymous payment method
Whether the service offers at least one payment method that does not require personal information. Even if a service accepts a cryptocurrency like bitcoin, it might still require that the customer hands over personally identifiable information (PII) like their full name and address.
Bandwidth
Whether the users' bandwidth is logged while using the service, according to the service's privacy policy.
Diskless
Whether the service's server hardware is connected to hard drives, according to the service provider. If the servers are diskless, the service provider should be unable to log any usage data.
First-party DNS servers
Whether the service provides its own domain name system (DNS) servers.
Logging
Whether the service stores information about their users' connection or activity on the network, according to the service's privacy policy or terms of service. If logging isn't mentioned in those sections but denied somewhere else on the website, the particular table cell will be marked as "No" in yellow and include an explanatory note.
Privacy Impact Score
An indicator of a website's usage of potentially privacy intrusive technologies such as third-party or permanent cookies, CANVAS trackers etc.[5] The score can be in the range from 0 to 100, where 0 is minimal privacy impact (best) and 100 is the biggest privacy impact (worst) relative to other web sites.[5] The score also has a simplified letter and colour presentation from A to F where A is "No cookies" and F is "Score above three standard deviations from the average".[5] The metric is developed by WebCookies.org.[5]
Obfuscation
Whether the service provides a method of obfuscating the VPN traffic so that it's not as easily detected and blocked by national governments or corporations.[6][7]
Offers WireGuard
Whether the service provider offers the WireGuard tunneling protocol.
SSL rating
The service's website's overall SSL server rating according to Qualys SSL Labs' SSL Server Test tool.
Supports Obfsproxy
Whether the service has an implementation of the Tor subproject Obfsproxy.[6][7]

Privacy

PC Magazine recommends that users consider choosing a provider based in a country with no data retention laws, since that makes it easier for the service to keep a promise of no logging.[8] PC Magazine and TechRadar also suggest that users read the provider's logging policy before signing up for the service,[8][3] since some providers collect information about their customers' VPN usage.[9][10] PC World recommends that users avoid free services as a rule of thumb, and asserts that free services either sell their users' browsing data in aggregated form to researchers and marketers, or only offer a minimal amount of data transfer per month.[9] Logitheque explains why there are so many VPN comparison websites on the web.[11]

Service Based in Logging[lower-alpha 1] Anonymous payment method Accepts bitcoin PGP key available
Traffic DNS requests Timestamps Bandwidth IP address
Avira Phantom VPN Germany No[lower-alpha 2] Yes[lower-alpha 2] No[lower-alpha 2] No No No
blackVPN Hong Kong No[14] No[14] No[14] No[14] No[14] Email Yes[15] Yes[16]
ExpressVPN British Virgin Islands[17][18][19] No[20] No[20] Yes[21] Yes[22] No[20] Email[19][18][23] Yes[19][18][24] No
Hotspot Shield Elite United States Yes[lower-alpha 3] Yes[26][27] No No No
IPredator Sweden No[28] Yes[28] Yes[28] Yes[28] Email[29] Yes[30] Yes[31]
IPVanish United States No[32] No[32] No[32] No[32] No[32] No[33] No No
IVPN Gibraltar No[34] No[34] No[34] No[34] No[34] Email Yes[35] Yes[36]
Mullvad Sweden No[37] No[37] No[37] No[37] No[37] Yes[38] Yes[38] Yes[39]
NordVPN Panama No[40] No[40] No[40] No[40] No[40] Email[41] Yes Yes[42]
Private Internet Access United States No[43] No[43] No[43] No[43][44] No[43] Yes[45] Yes[46] Yes[47]
ProtonVPN Switzerland No[48] Yes[48] Email Yes No
PureVPN Hong Kong No[49] No[50] Yes[51] No[lower-alpha 4] Email[lower-alpha 5] Yes[55] No
SaferVPN Israel[56] No[57] No[57] Yes[57] Yes[57] No[57] Email[58] Yes[58] Yes[59]
TunnelBear Canada[60][61][62] No[63] No[63][64] No[65] Yes[62][65] No[63] Email[60] Yes[66][60][61] No
VPN.ht Hong Kong No[67] No[lower-alpha 6] Email[69] Yes[70] No
VPNBook Un­known[lower-alpha 7] No[71] Yes[71] Yes[71] N/A[lower-alpha 8] N/A[lower-alpha 8] No

Notes

  1. As claimed by provider unless otherwise noted.
  2. There is no mention of Avira's VPN logging policy in their privacy policy. However, it is stated in an FAQ section that neither traffic nor IP addresses are logged on their VPN service.[12] It is also stated that bandwidth is logged.[12] When visiting Avira's website, the visitor's IP address is logged by both Google Analytics and the CrazyEgg tool.[13]
  3. Hotspot Shield claims to collect "anonymous, aggregate data about which websites you visit and which apps you use."[25]
  4. "We DO NOT keep any record of your browsing activities, connection logs, records of the VPN IPs assigned to you, your original IPs, your connection time, the history of your browsing, the sites you visited, your outgoing traffic, the content or data you accessed, or the DNS queries generated by you."[52] However, in 2017, PureVPN provided connection logs including IP addresses to the FBI for use in a criminal investigation.[53]
  5. Name and e-mail is required for every payment method.[54]
  6. VPN.ht only touches upon logging of traffic in their privacy policy.[67] However, in another section of the website, it is stated that bandwidth is not logged.[68]
  7. VPNBook does not disclose in which jurisdiction it operates.
  8. VPNBook is free and therefore doesn't require payment. However, it accepts donations in bitcoin and through PayPal.

Technical features
Service Leak Protection Protocols Obfuscation / Censorship Avoidance Network Neutrality Server Data Encryption Handshake Encryption Data Authentication
First-party DNS servers IPv6 supported / blocked Offers OpenVPN Offers WireGuard Supports multihop Supports TCP port 443 Supports Obfsproxy Offers SOCKS Supports SSL tunnel Supports SSH tunnel Other proprietary protocols Blocks SMTP (authent.) Blocks P2P Dedicated or Virtual Diskless Default provided Strongest provided Weakest provided Strongest provided Weakest provided Strongest provided
Avast SecureLine Yes Yes Yes No No No Some[72] Dedicated[73] No AES-256 AES-256
Avira Phantom VPN Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Dedicated No AES-256 AES-256
blackVPN Yes No Yes[74] No No Yes[74] No Yes[74] Some[lower-alpha 1] Some[75] Dedicated[76] AES-256[74] AES-256[74] RSA-4096[74] RSA-4096[74] SHA-512[74] SHA-512[74]
ExpressVPN Yes[17] Yes Yes[17][18][19] No No Yes[77] No[17][18][19] Both[78][79] No AES-256 CA-4096
Hotspot Shield Elite No No No No No AES-128[80] AES-128[80] TLS 1.2 ECDHE PFS[80] TLS 1.2 ECDHE PFS[80] HMAC[81] HMAC[81]
IPredator Yes[82] Yes[83] Yes[84] No No Yes[85] No No AES-256 (CBC)[86] AES-256 (CBC)[86] SHA-1[86] SHA-1[86]
IPVanish Yes[87] Yes[88] Yes[33] No No Yes[89] Yes[90] Yes[33] No No No No[33] No[33] Dedicated[91] No AES-256[92] AES-256[92] RSA-2048[92] RSA-2048[92] SHA-256[92] SHA-256[92]
IVPN Yes[93] No[94] Yes Beta[95] Yes; OpenVPN Yes Yes Yes[96] No[97] No[98] Dedicated[99] AES-256[93] AES-256[93] RSA-4096[93]
Mullvad Yes[100] Yes[100] Yes[100] Yes[101] Yes; WireGuard[102] and SOCKS5 Yes[100] No[103] Yes[104][100] Yes Yes[100] No[100] No[100] Dedicated[105] AES-256 (GCM)[100] AES-256[100] RSA-4096[100] RSA-4096[100] SHA-512[100] SHA-512[100]
NordVPN Yes[106] No[107] Yes[108] Yes; NordLynx based on WireGuard[109] Yes; OpenVPN[110] and SOCKS5 Yes[111] Yes[112] Yes No[113] Dedicated AES-256[114] AES-256 (CBC)[114] 2048-bit Diffie-Hellman[114] 2048-bit Diffie-Hellman[114]
Private Internet Access Yes[115] Yes[116] Yes[117] Beta[118] No Yes[119] No Yes[120][121] Some[lower-alpha 2] No[123] Dedicated[124] AES-128 (CBC)[125] AES-256[125] ECC-256k1[125] RSA-4096[125] SHA-1[125] SHA-256[125]
ProtonVPN Yes No Yes No Yes Some Dedicated AES-256 AES-256
PureVPN Yes Yes Yes[126] No No Only through SSTP[127] No No No Some[128] Both[129][79] No AES-256
SaferVPN Yes[130] Yes[131][56] No[131] No Yes[132] No No Some[lower-alpha 3] No AES-256[131] AES-256[131] 2048bit SSL/TLS[131] 2048bit SSL/TLS[131] SHA-256[131] SHA-256[131]
TunnelBear Yes[64] Yes[134][61] No No No Yes[135][62] Yes No[136] Yes[137][60][61] AES-128 (CBC)[lower-alpha 4] AES-256 (CBC)[134] 1548 bit Diffie-Hellman group[lower-alpha 5] 4096 bit Diffie-Hellman group[134] SHA-1[lower-alpha 6] SHA-256[134]
VPN.ht Yes[138] Yes[139] No No No[140] AES-256
VPNBook Yes[141] No No Yes[142] Some[143] Dedicated[144] No

Notes

  1. Allowed on ports 465 and 587.[74]
  2. The support team may be willing to whitelist your email provider's SMTP server upon request.[122]
  3. SaferVPN only allows P2P on their Netherlands server.[133]
  4. Only on iOS 8 and earlier. All other supported devices and operating systems use AES-256 (CBC).[134]
  5. iOS 9 and later use 2048 bit. iOS 8 and earlier use 1548 bit. All other supported devices and operating systems use 4096 bit.[134]
  6. iOS 8 and earlier use SHA-1. All other supported devices and operating systems use SHA-256.[134]

Availability
Service No. of simultaneous connections No. of countries No. of servers Linux support (manual config.)
Avast SecureLine 5 34 54 No
Avira Phantom VPN Unlimited[145][146] 25[147] 36[147] No
ExpressVPN 5[148] 94[149] 3,000 circa[150] Yes[17][19]
Hotspot Shield Elite 5[151] 21 No
IPredator 1[152] 1 Yes[153]
IPVanish Unlimited[33] 54[33] 1,500[33] Yes[154]
IVPN 5[93] 27[155] 57[156] Yes[157]
Mullvad 5[158] 36[159] 667[159] Yes[160]
NordVPN 6 58[161] 5,607[161] Yes[162]
Private Internet Access 10[163] 74[164] 11,254[164] Yes[165]
ProtonVPN 10[166] 54[166] 1,060[166] Yes[167]
PureVPN 10[126] 140 circa[168] 2,000 circa[168] Yes[169]
SaferVPN 5[170] 35 circa[171] 700 circa[171] Yes[165]
TunnelBear 5[62][172] 20[172] Yes
VPN.ht 3 25[139] 128[139] Yes

Website
Library warrant canary relying on active removal designed by Jessamyn West.

The rating of the services' websites according to SSL server certificate and HTTP cookie test tools. Also listed is whether the websites maintain a warrant canary.

Service SSL certificate Privacy Impact Score Warrant canary
Holder Issued to SSL rating
Avast SecureLine Yes[173] Self[173] A+[173] B[174] No
Avira Phantom VPN Yes[175] Self[175] A[175] E[176] No
blackVPN Yes[177][178] Cloudflare[177] A[177] B[179] No
ExpressVPN Yes[180][181] Self[181] A+[181] B[182] No
Hotspot Shield Elite Yes[183] Self[183] A-[183] F[184] No
IPredator Yes[185] Self[185] A+[185] A[186] Yes
IPVanish Yes[187] Self[187] A[187] B[188] No
IVPN Yes[189] Self[189] A+[189] B[190] Yes
Mullvad Yes[191] Self[191] A+[191] A[192] No
NordVPN Yes[193] Self[193] A+[193] B[194] Yes[195]
Private Internet Access Yes[196] Self[196] A[196] B[197] No
ProtonVPN Yes[198] Self[198] A+[198] B[199] Yes[200]
PureVPN Yes[201] Self[201] A[201] B[202] No
SaferVPN Yes[59] Self[59] A[59] Yes Yes[132]
TunnelBear Yes[203] Self[203] A+[203] B[204] No
VPNBook Yes[205] Self[205] B[205] B[206] No
VPN.ht Yes[207] Yes[207] A+[207] B[208] Yes[209]

See also

References
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