Coeliades pisistratus

Two-pip policeman
	Male C. pisistratus in the Soutpansberg
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Hesperiidae
Genus:	Coeliades
Species:	C. pisistratus
Binomial name
	Coeliades pisistratus; (Fabricius, 1793)[1]
Synonyms
	Hesperia pisistratus Fabricius, 1793; Rhopalocampta valmaran Wallengren, 1857;

Coeliades pisistratus, the two-pip policeman, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae that occurs commonly in much of sub-Saharan Africa.

Habitat

It occurs in savanna, forest edge and in coastal bush. It is found from sea level in the south, up to 2,000 meters altitude in the tropics.[2] It generally occupies mesic environments, being less tolerant of very dry or moist situations than C. forestan.[2] Males are territorial.

Range

It is found in Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, CAR, Angola, DRC, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, northern Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland and Lesotho, and the KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Limpopo, Gauteng, Free State, Northern Cape and North West provinces of South Africa.[2]

Description and habits

The sexes are very similar. The female has a larger abdomen and more rounded wings.[3] The wingspan is 55–65 mm for males and 63–70 mm for females. Adults are on the wing year-round in warmer areas with peaks September to April.[3] During the larval stage of some 40 days, the larva will increasingly modify the leaf of its food plant for protection. It hatches from an egg laid on the tip of a new leaf, which soon after eclosion is folded into a shelter. Later instars combine two and later several leaves to form the shelter, which ultimately protects the month-long pupal stage.[2]

Food plants

The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including Sphedamnocarpus pruriens, Triaspis macropteron, Dregea, Indigofera, Marsdenia, Acridocarpus and Combretum species.

References

Coeliades at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Williams, Mark C. "Butterflies and Skippers of the Afrotropical Region (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea): File O – Hesperiidae (Hesperioidea)". Subfamily Coeliadinae - Afrotropical Butterflies. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-724-7.

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[1] Coeliades at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

[will-2] Williams, Mark C. "Butterflies and Skippers of the Afrotropical Region (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea): File O – Hesperiidae (Hesperioidea)". Subfamily Coeliadinae - Afrotropical Butterflies. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.

[wood-3] Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-724-7.