Church of St Anne, Catterick

The Church of St Anne, Catterick is a parish church in the village of Catterick, North Yorkshire, England. The present church structure dates back to the early 15th century, but some of its stones are from an earlier structure located on the same site. A place of worship in Catterick village is believed to have been in existence since the 7th century. The church has been dedicated to Saint Anne since its original consecration date of 1415.

Church of St Anne
St Anne's Church
Church of St Anne, Catterick
Church of St Anne
Church of St Anne, Catterick, in North Yorkshire
OS grid referenceSE240970
LocationCatterick, North Yorkshire
CountryEngland
DenominationChurch of England
Weekly attendance40 (average 2015)[1]
History
Founded1412
DedicationSaint Anne
Consecrated1415
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Architectural typeGothic
Perpendicular[note 1][2]
Administration
ParishCatterick with Tunstall
DeaneryRichmond
ArchdeaconryRichmond & Craven
DioceseLeeds
Clergy
Vicar(s)Reverend Lindsay Southern
Listed Building – Grade I
Designated4 February 1969
Reference no.1131488

The contract between the benefactors of the church and their stonemason is one of the oldest contractual documents written in English and has provided much insight into the Northern English dialect at that time.

The north side of the church has a small section dedicated to the Royal Air Force Regiment who had their home depot at the nearby RAF Catterick between 1946 and 1994.

History

St Paulinus was believed to have baptised converts to Christianity in the River Swale near to Catterick Bridge in the 7th century.[3] The Venerable Bede recorded a church there in the same century, at least two Anglo-Saxon kings of Northumbria were married at Catterick (Æthelwald Moll of Northumbria and Æthelred I of Northumbria)[4] and a church is noted as being present in Catterick village in the Domesday Book.[5] The Domesday Book recorded the deanery as being the Ecclesia de Catrice with the church then present being situated slightly further north than the present day one.[6] At the time of the Anglo-Saxons, many Christian religious sites did not have permanent buildings, but a cross to designate the holy site; part of a shaft from an Anglo-Saxon cross is in the west wall of the north aisle and other pieces unearthed during an archaeological investigation in the 1920s, now reside in the Museum of Archaeology at the University of Cambridge.[7]

The present day church is located on Church Green in Catterick village with the A1(M) and the A6055 road to the west. Whilst a place of worship has been located on the site since the 7th century, the current structure (though amended) was started in 1412.[8] The benefactors of the church were Dame Katherine de Brugh and her son William. William became a patron after the death of his father (Dame Katherine de Brugh's husband), John de Burgh of Catterick. A contract was drawn up between the de Burgh family and their stonemason, Richard of Cracall (Crakehall). The preserved document is notable as being one of the oldest contractual documents written in the English language.[9][10] On the reverse of the contract is the notation that William de Burgh, his son and his father, are all buried in the church.[11]

The contract has attracted scholars because it is written in a northern dialect of English, which makes it of "exceptional interest to the building historian."[12][note 2][13] Speight theorises that as Latin was the de facto language in spoken and written form, the use of English was because Richard of Cracall was largely uneducated in an academic sense, and the language used in the contract was something he could understand.[14] Whilst the contract allowed Richard of Cracall some free rein, in other places it stipulated building works that must be undertaken; the north window from the previous church was to installed at the new east window in the north aisle,[15] and stones were to be positioned at the western end to allow for the erection of a tower.[16] The contract is dated 18 April 1412 and placed a demand upon Richard of Cracall to have the church completed by the time of the Feast of St John The Baptist in 1415, "unless sudden war or pestilence should afford sufficient excuse for delay".[17] The church was dedicated to St Anne, who was Jesus Christ's maternal grandmother.[18]

The original part of the church was 55 feet (17 m) by 22 feet (6.7 m)[15] and consisted of the two aisles (north and south) with a nave and chancel. The vestry, porches and tower were added later (in the same century), and some of these additions are also thought to be the work of Richard of Cracall.[19] The tower measures 57 feet (17 m) from ground to the top and whilst it was not part of the original contract, provision was made at that time for the addition "of a steeple".[16]

William Burgh died in 1442 and he was buried in the east end of the north nave aisle. His grandson (also called William), extended this section and created the Chantry of St James.[10] Whilst the church has remained largely unaltered, the two chantry chapels were added during the latter part of the fifteenth century to accommodate burials from the de Burgh family.[20] Raine notes that each aisle is now one arch longer than contracted for and that the vestry porches and the tower were not included in the original contract.[21]

The font was carved and installed not long after the original contract with Richard of Cracall. It's octagonal bowl is inscribed with the coats of arms of many local noble families (de Burgh, Scroop, Neville, Fitzhugh and Lascelles).[22] It was long believed that the font and its stone base had been carved out of either grey or black marble, but a more modern assessment holds that it is black limestone with a very high polish.[23][24] The interior of the church contains many plaques, brasses and monuments to the dead, including an effigy of Sir Walter Urswick who fought on the side of the Black Prince at the Battle of Nájera and who was later the Constable of Richmond Castle in 1371.[25][26]

The church was damaged by cannon fire in the First English Civil War and was also damaged by German bombers during the Second World War.[5] In 1658, the Reverend Michael Syddall invested £45 per annum[note 3][27][28][29] to fund a hospital and school[30] which was in use between 1685 and 1974.[31] The newer local Church of England primary school in the village is also called the Michael Syddall School.[32] A sundial is located above the porch door, its origins being either late 18th or early 19th century. The words above the dial are in latin; Fugit hora, ora, which translates as Time flies, pray.[15][33]

In 1816, Alexander John Scott, the chaplain to Horatio Nelson was appointed as the vicar at St Anne's. Scott had been aboard HMS Victory when Nelson was fatally wounded and stayed with him to administer the last rites.[34] Scott died in 1840 and a new vicar was appointed in 1841.[35] The church has undergone two periods of restoration and refurbishment; firstly in 1851 under Atkinsons of York when the pews were made into a uniform standard and the doors were replaced.[36] In April 1872, the church was re-opened after redesign work, including adjustments undertaken on the clerestory, by the architect C. G. Wray, whose only other notable religious work, was in the design of the nearby Church of St Matthew in Leyburn, North Yorkshire.[37] The stained glass window at the east end of the church depicts The Last Supper and is by William Wailes, being installed in 1862. Other stained glass windows in the church are by Charles Eamer Kempe and were installed in 1896 and 1900.[38]

The churchyard contains graves from both World Wars, and befitting its proximity to RAF Catterick, most of the 1939–1945 war dead were from the Royal Air Force.[39] There is also a memorial to those who served on No. 26 Squadron RAF and No. 41 Squadron RAF (both of which were based at RAF Catterick during the Second World War) on the north wall of the church.[40] A survey conducted on the graves in 1994, determined that there were 127 graves in the churchyard and that a number of the gravestones were undecipherable due to weathering.[41]

The church was grade I listed in 1969[42] and its northern gateposts, which date from the 18th century, were grade II listed in 1987.[43] The church and its surrounds are also included in the Catterick Village Conservation Area.[44]

In April 2018, it was revealed that the church was suffering a funding shortfall and appealed to the local community to help with an extra £10,000 a year that the church needed to keep open.[45]

RAF Regiment

A section of the north side of the church is dedicated as the Royal Air Force Regiment Chapel. The RAF Regiment had their home depot at the nearby RAF Catterick between 1946 and 1994, after which date, they moved to RAF Honington. During the 50-year anniversary celebrations of the RAF Regiment in 1992, The Queen awarded the RAF regiment a new colour and the old one was 'laid up' in the RAF Regiment Chapel in the Church of St Anne.[46] The chapel also contains a north facing window commemorating those who have died whilst serving in the RAF Regiment. The window is composed of stained glass with left and right panes inscribed with a memorial text and the badges of RAF Catterick and the RAF Regiment showing.[47]

To date, the chapel at the Church of St Anne remains the 'home chapel' of the RAF regiment despite their move away from Catterick in 1994.[48]

Clergy

Vicars incumbent at St Anne's are recorded as far back as 1215, 200 years before the present church was completed. Listings are taken from H.B. McCall's Richmondshire Churches and church records.[49]

Year Incumbent Year Incumbent Year Incumbent
1215 Richard 1542 Christopher Jeffrayson 1809 Samuel Byam
1239 Duraguerra de Piperno 1569 Gregory Scott♦[note 4][50] 1816 Alexander John Scott†
1316 John 1576 Thomas Scott 1841 John Croft†
1342 John de Corimbria[note 5] 1591 John Christian‡ 1869 Richard Garde†
1342 John de Wilton[note 6][51] 1594 Henry Thurscross‡ 1891 John H Evans†
1354 John de Danby 1603 Richard Faucett 1903 William Kerr Smith
1362 John de Moorland 1645 Michael Syddall† 1930 Joseph Fenner Spink
1362 John de Littilgarne† 1660 Charles Anthony† 1936 R F Bradley
1399 Thomas de Burgh 1685 Robert Collingwood† 1956 Charles H G Ridley
1399 Thomas Elleston‡ 1691 William Iveson† 1966 Malcolm D Emmel
1410 William Wenslawe† 1722 John Wandesford† 1973 Dennis R Walker
1427 William Gold‡ 1748 Jeremiah Harrison† 1979 George C Darvill
1429 Robert Bedale‡ 1763 Theophilus Lindsey‡ 1988 William R Hogg
1430 Henry Wilsthorpe 1774 Henry Chaytor† 1998 James Stewart
1453 John Glover 1790 John Wilson 2004 Francis Wilson
1525 Henry Laciter♦ 1791 James Dalton‡ 2012 Lindsay Southern
1535 Oswald Metcalfe‡ 1805 George Chamberlaine‡
  • †Died in office
  • ‡Resigned office
  • ♦Interregnum between incumbent and previous when dates are incorrect, period appears too long or records are incomplete.
  • Left window of RAF Regiment Chapel, Church of St Anne, Catterick
  • Right window of RAF Regiment Chapel, Church of St Anne, Catterick
  • Font in the Church of St Anne, Catterick
  • East window in the Church of St Anne, Catterick
  • Effigy of Sir Walter Urswick in the Church of St Anne, Catterick

Notes
  1. Glynne describes it as Perpendicular; others describe it as Gothic
  2. This endentor made atte Burgh the agetende day of the Moneth of Aprill the yere of Kenge Herry ferth after the conquest of Ingland thrittende betwixt dame Katerine of Burgh somtyme the wife of John Burgh William of Burgh the son of forsaide John and dame Katerine of ta partie. And Richarde of Cracall mason on the tothir partie bereth witnes that the forsaid Richarde takes full charge for to make the Kirk of Katrick newe als werkmanschippe and masoncrafte will and that the forsaide Richard sall finde all the laboreres and servys pertanand to the Kirke makinge
    This indenture made at Brough, the eighteeneth day of the month of April, the year of King Henry the Fifth, after the conquest of England, written between Dame Katherine de Bruge, sometime wife of John de Bruge, [and] William, the son of forsaid John and Dame Katherine of the party. And Richard of Crakehall, mason on the other party, bear witness that the forsaid Richard takes full charge for to make the church of Catterick new, all workmanship and masoncraft and that the forsaid Richard shall find all the labourers and service pertinent to the church making
  3. There is some disagreement over the amount given for the two causes; McCall states in Story of the family of Wandesforde of Kirklington & Castlecomer that his will specifically mentions the residue of his estate, Lewis maintains it was £45 and other sources mention £500.
  4. McCall notes that the next in line were possibly a "Mr Hutton" and a "Thomas West".
  5. Possibly spelt Cornubia
  6. Whilst some list his incumbency as starting in 1342, in 1339 he is listed as "the vicar at Caterick"[sic] by The Treasury

References
  1. "Dashboard for the parish of Catterick: St Anne in the Deanery of RICHMOND" (PDF). leeds.anglican.org. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  2. Glynne, Stephen (2007). Butler, Lawrence (ed.). The Yorkshire church notes of Sir Stephen Glynne (1825-1874). Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society/The Boydell Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-903564-80-6.
  3. Jeeves, Paul (15 September 2013). "Immersed in history... baptisms are performed in saint's river". The Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  4. Kirby, D. P. (2000). The earliest English kings. London: Routledge. p. 129. ISBN 0-415-24211-8.
  5. Amos, Mike (8 February 2003). "At Your Service - Catterick decamp". The Northern Echo. p. 10. ISSN 2043-0442.
  6. McCall 1910, p. 18.
  7. Crick 2005, p. 7.
  8. Barnard, Ashley (27 August 2013). "Parishioners prepare for 600th anniversary celebrations". Darlington and Stockton Times. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  9. Speight 1897, p. 181.
  10. Crick 2005, p. 8.
  11. Byng, Gabriel (2017). "3. Organising Construction III; Aristocratic Projects". Church Building and Society in the Later Middle Ages (1 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-107-15709-5.
  12. Salzman, L.F. (1997). Building in England down to 1540 : a documentary history. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 487–490. ISBN 9780198171584.
  13. McCall 1910, p. 37.
  14. Speight 1897, p. 131.
  15. "Parishes: Catterick | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  16. McCall 1910, pp. 21–22.
  17. McCall 1910, p. 19.
  18. Gleeson, Janet (20 April 2018). "Campaigners: Only £1 a week would save 600-year-old church". Darlington & Stockton Times (16–2018). p. 24. ISSN 2516-5348.
  19. McCall 1910, pp. 20–21.
  20. Saul, Nigel (2017). "10. Late Medieval Church Building". Lordship and Faith; the English Gentry and the Parish Church in the Middle Ages (1 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-19-870619-9.
  21. Raine 1834, p. 16.
  22. Raine 1834, p. 20.
  23. McCall 1910, p. 24.
  24. Crick 2005, p. 9.
  25. Speight 1897, p. 133.
  26. Page 1968, p. 311.
  27. McCall, H B (1904). Story of the family of Wandesforde of Kirklington & Castlecomer; compiled from original sources, with a calendar of historical manuscripts. London: Simpkin. p. 289. OCLC 1008050014.
  28. A topographical dictionary of England (4 ed.). London: S Lewis. 1835. p. 476. OCLC 1001052683.
  29. "Genuki: CATTERICK: Geographical and Historical information from the year 1890., Yorkshire (North Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  30. McCall, H B (1904). Story of the family of Wandesforde of Kirklington & Castlecomer; compiled from original sources, with a calendar of historical manuscripts. London: Simpkin. p. 138. OCLC 1008050014.
  31. "Catterick Village and Swale Lane". Gazette Live. 19 August 2010. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  32. "Michael Syddall Church of England Aided Primary School - The Northern Echo". The Northern Echo. 16 December 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  33. Lloyd, Chris (26 May 2010). "Sundial and a spy". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  34. Peach, Howard (2003). "1. The Nelson Touch". Curious tales of old North Yorkshire (1 ed.). Wilmslow: Sigma Leisure. p. 10. ISBN 1-85058-793-0.
  35. McCall 1910, pp. 35–36.
  36. Glynne, Stephen (2007). Butler, Lawrence (ed.). The Yorkshire church notes of Sir Stephen Glynne (1825-1874). Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society/The Boydell Press. pp. 140–141. ISBN 978-1-903564-80-6.
  37. "Reopening of Catterick Parish Church". The York Herald (5182). 13 April 1872. p. 10. OCLC 1001164406.
  38. Pevsner, Nikolaus (2002). Yorkshire, the North Riding. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0-300-09665-8.
  39. "Catterick Cemetery". www.cwgc.org. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  40. "St Anns[sic] Church And 26 Sqn And 41 Sqn Raf - WW2 | Imperial War Museums". www.iwm.org.uk. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  41. McLee, Carol A (1994). St. Anne, Catterick, North Yorkshire: monumental inscriptions. Kirklevington: Cleveland, N. Yks. & S. Durham Family History Society. p. 8. OCLC 880883529.
  42. Historic England. "Church of St Anne  (Grade I) (1131488)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  43. Historic England. "Gates and gatepiers to the north west of the Church of St Anne  (Grade II) (1301752)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  44. "Catterick Village Conservation" (PDF). richmondshire.gov.uk. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  45. Gleeson, Janet (2 April 2018). "Catterick village church runs out of funds". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  46. Oliver, Kingsley M. (1997). "12. A Return to Stability (1986-1992)". Through Adversity : the history of the Royal Air Force Regiment, 1942-1992 (1 ed.). Rushden: Forces & Corporate. pp. 260–261. ISBN 0-9529597-0-4.
  47. "Raf Regiment | Imperial War Museums". www.iwm.org.uk. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  48. Delve, Ken (2006). Northern England : Co. Durham, Cumbria, Isle of Man, Lancashire, Merseyside, Manchester, Northumberland, Tyne & Wear, Yorkshire. Ramsbury: Crowood. p. 82. ISBN 1-86126-809-2.
  49. McCall 1910, pp. 31–36.
  50. McCall 1910, p. 33.
  51. McCall 1910, pp. 31–32.

Bibliography
  • Crick, Thomas (2005). St Anne's Church Catterick (in) Catterick and surrounding Villages; History and Regeneration. Catterick: A1 Community Works. ISBN 0-9551125-0-8.
  • McCall, H. B. (1910). Richmondshire Churches. London: E Stock. OCLC 6723172.
  • Page, William (1968). The Victoria History of the Counties of England; Yorkshire North Riding (Reprint ed.). University of London. ISBN 0-7129-0309-9.CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)
  • Raine, James (1834). Catterick Church, in the County of York. A correct copy of the contract for its building, dated in 1412 ... with remarks and notes, by J. Raine ..., and with thirteen plates of views, elevations and details, by A. Salvin. London: Weale. OCLC 504343685.
  • Speight, Harry (1897). Romantic Richmondshire. London: E Stock. OCLC 252008733.
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