Chiloglottis sphyrnoides

Chiloglottis sphyrnoides, commonly known as the forest wasp orchid,[2] is a species of orchid endemic to north-eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland. It has two dark green leaves and a single green or reddish pink flower with a shiny black, insect-like callus surrounded by red club-shaped calli on two-thirds of the base of the labellum.

Forest wasp orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Chiloglottis
Species:
C. sphyrnoides
Binomial name
Chiloglottis sphyrnoides

Description

Chiloglottis sphyrnoides is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with two egg-shaped to elliptic leaves 35–85 mm (1–3 in) long and 15–23 mm (0.6–0.9 in) wide on a petiole 5–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) long. A single green or reddish pink flower 18–22 mm (0.7–0.9 in) long and 7–9 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide is borne on a flowering stem 50–90 mm (2–4 in) high. The dorsal sepal is spatula-shaped, 16–18 mm (0.6–0.7 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide. The lateral sepals are linear, 13–17 mm (0.5–0.7 in) long, about 1 mm (0.04 in) wide and curve downwards. There is a glandular tip 2–2.5 mm (0.08–0.1 in) long on the end of the dorsal sepal and 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long on the lateral sepals. The petals are narrow oblong, 11–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long, about 4 mm (0.2 in) wide and turn downwards towards the ovary. The labellum is broadly spatula-shaped, 10–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long and 7–8.5 mm (0.28–0.33 in) wide. There is a shiny black, insect-like callus about 2 mm (0.08 in) long and wide near the base of the labellum. This large callus is surrounded by reddish, club-shaped calli and small red calli. The column is green with purplish black blotches, 9–10 mm (0.35–0.39 in) long and about 4 mm (0.2 in) wide with narrow wings. Flowering occurs from December to April.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy and naming

Chiloglottis sphyrnoides was first formally described in 1991 by David Jones from a specimen collected in the Lamington National Park and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research.[5] The specific epithet (sphyrnoides) refers to the similarity of the shape of the large callus on the labellum resembling the head of a shark in the genus Sphyrna. The ending -oides is derived from an Ancient Greek word εἶδος (eîdos), meaning “form" or "likeness”.[6]

Distribution and habitat

The forest wasp orchid grows in moist places in tall forest near Nowendoc and in the Lamington National Park.[2][3][4]

References
  1. "Chiloglottis sphyrnoides". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 140. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. Jones, David L. (1991). "New taxa of Australian Orchidaceae". Australian Orchid Research. 2: 41–42.
  4. Jones, David L. "Chiloglottis sphyrnoides". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  5. "Chiloglottis sphyrnoides". APNI. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  6. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 483.
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