Cheah Tek Soon

Cheah Tek Soon (Chinese: 謝德順; pinyin: Xiè Déshùn)[1] was a 19th-century Penang businessman, and headman of the Hokkien in Penang,[2] after whom Tek Soon Street was named. He was an active member of the Penang community and the bandstand that was erected near the Town Hall before the Japanese Occupation was his gift to the city.[3]

Cheah Tek Soon never married but he had an adopted daughter, Cheah Liew Bee, who was the biological child of his brother, Cheah Tek Thye.[4]

The Penang Khean Guan Insurance Company

He was a founder and member of the board of directors of the Penang Khean Guan Insurance Company, the first Chinese insurance company in the Straits Settlement.[4]

Penang Opium Syndicate

He was a revenue farmer for a number of years and, together with his partners, held the Penang Opium Farm from 1880 to 1888 under Chop 'Ban Bee:'[5][6]

  • 1880–1882 Chop 'Ban Bee': Cheah Chen Eok, Lee Chin Chuan, Gan Kim Swee, Khoo Thean Poh, Cheah Tek Soon
  • 1883–1885 Chop 'Ban Bee': Cheah Chen Eok, Lee Chin Chuan, Gan Kim Swee, Khoo Thean Poh, Cheah Tek Soon
  • 1886–1888 Chop 'Ban Bee': Cheah Chen Eok, Lee Chin Chuan, Gan Kim Swee, Ng Ah Thye, Cheah Tek Soon

Together with Ng Pak Soon, also a member of the Penang Chinese Advisory Board, his higher $126,700 bid for the Penang Farms in 1900 lost out to incumbent Lim Kek Chuan & Co.'s $125,000.[2] He was also a Singapore Opium Farm holder.[7]

Weld Quay (Penang)

He was a part of a large deputation that met with Governor Sir Frederick Weld on the question of building a quay at the back of Beach Street (Penang) on 27 August 1881. Together with him were the Honourable Captain McCallum (Royal Engineers), and Messrs. James Gibson ( partner at Sandilands, Buttery & Co.), the Hon. Daniel Logan (the Penang Chamber of Commerce's representative on the Straits Settlements Legislative Council), Karl,[8] Gan Kim Swee, Khaw Boo Aun, Khoo Thean Teik, Khoo Kay Chan, Oh Yean Heng, Lim Leng Cheak, Tan Sim Ho, Beng Tek, Khoo Cheat, Eng Beng Seah, among others. Governor Weld said that the Government was, then, finally in a position to meet their wishes with the greatest liberality in undertaking this scheme that had been talked about for many years, but for one reason or another, nothing had resulted from it. The work, which finally began with land reclamation in 1883, resulted in the completion of Weld Quay in 1889, at a cost of $526,107.[9]

Kong Hock Keong Temple

Along with Foo Tye Sin, Khaw Boo Aun, Khoo Thean Teik, and Khaw Sim Bee, he was among the twenty leading citizens of Penang, appointed by the Straits Settlements Government to be trustees of the Kong Hock Keong Temple in Pitt Street for 1887, vested with the powers to appoint, or dismiss, priests. This came following complaints lodged with Government over the manner in which priests there conducted temple affairs. The new trustees appointed Beow Lean, of the Yung Chuan Monastery of Ku Shan, the drum mountain in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Their confidence was justified. Beow Lean soon brought in a new body of priests, and later went on to found the Kek Lok Si temple at Ayer Itam (Penang).[10]

The 1905 Chinese Anti-American Boycott Movement

During the Chinese Anti-American Boycott Movement, Cheah Tek Soon (Xie Deshun) joined Gon Boon Tan (Wen Wedan), and others, in making speeches to further stir up feelings against America.[11][12]

Cheah Eu Ghee (谢有义)

His business partner was Cheah Eu Ghee, and together, in 1893, they were commissioned by Government, following a vote of $5,000 sanctioned by the Finance Committee of the Straits Settlements Legislative Council, to metal the road from Tanjong Tokong, all the way upwards to Tanjong Batu in Penang North, as part of the Government's move to improve the road there.[13]

Through Cheah Eu Ghee, whose business interests included shipping, he had access to the influential members of the Penang Chinese Advisory Board, like George Cecil Wray (President of the Penang Chinese Advisory Board and Assistant Protector of the Chinese in Penang), Chew Sin Yong, Lim Hua Chiam, Tan Kim Keng, Tan Sim Ho, Yeoh Chean Liew, Khaw Boo Aun and Kee Lai Huat.[14]

Gift of a band stand

In 1884, Cheah Tek Soon made a gift to the municipality of a band stand,[3] which soon, and thereafter until it was destroyed during the Japanese occupation, drew attention to itself, allowing some to fan the fires of that long competition between the older northern and younger southern settlements.

In May 1884, quoting their Penang correspondent, the Straits Times of Singapore published, "We are certainly ahead of you here in one little matter. We have a neat and convenient Band Stand on the Esplanade in front of the Town Hall, where the Police Band plays once or twice a week, and where such Bands as belong to vessels-of-war passing through may now find suitable accommodation for the afternoon (better still, moonlight!) performances, which they invariably give when here, greatly to the enlivenment of our somewhat humdrum life." The entry, which goes on at length, notes, "The cost of the whole affair was defrayed by a wealthy Chinese gentleman, and amounted, I am informed, to close on some £300—say $1,500."[15] Cheah Tek Soon commissioned the Glasgow-based Macfarlane and Co. to create the iron bandstand.[16]

In December's Free Press we read, "How wonderfully Penang has advanced in a few years. In my time, a quarter of a century ago, it was visited by the mail steamer once a fortnight, and only a few small sailing-vessels frequented the port. Now, I count seven large steamers, ten smaller ones, sailing vessels of all sizes, and innumerable native prahus lying around us. Instead of the few old-fashioned bungalows that lined the high street leading into the country, we have a handsome Town Hall; the Grand Hotel, built on the most fashionable lines, exceeding in beauty anything you have in Singapore ... The road-side trees, that used to be mere shrubs in my time, are great sturdy sons of the forest, affording ample share to the wayside traveller: they seemed to me chiefly Angsanas (I hope I have spelt the word rightly). In my time a ricketty old narrow pier sufficed It used to be called "Scandal Point," where the lads and lasses used to meet of an afternoon and retail to each other all the gup they had picked up during the day. I dare say the handsome Band-stand on the Esplanade answers the samepurpose in this year of grace. Here the Penang Band performs once a week. Why should not Singapore have a Town Band? You see you are far behind old Penang."[17]

Along with other structures like the Penang Sports Club (Cricket Section), the Penang Recreation Club (for Europeans), ornate benches and lamp posts, and the other Victorian cast-iron pavilion, the James Montague Bent Vermont's memorial, Cheah Tek Soon's Bandstand was destroyed by bombs during the Second World War.[18]

Cheah Tek Soon 5 Storey Mansion

Originally built in the 1880s by Cheah Tek Soon, this was the first five-story residence in Penang. It was said to be inspired by Raffles in Singapore and by 1910s, it was being referred to as Raffles-By-The-Sea.[19] The pagoda-shaped structure featured a unique layered style[20] that combined British and Chinese architectural elements.[19] The building passed on to his daughter Cheah Liew Bee, who married Goh Say Eng, a supporter of Dr. Sun Yat Sen. Goh, who was selling his properties one by one to support Dr. Sun's revolutionary movement, sold this property too. Merchant Tye Kee Yoon bought it and turned it into a hotel. It has been known as the Bellevue Hotel. It was leased to the Government in the 1920s to be used as an English school, and became the Shih Chung branch school after the war. In 1993 it was acquired from the Tye trustees by the Malaysia Vegetable Oil Refinery Sdn Bhd, one of the major shareholders of Raffles-By-The-Sea Sdn. Bhd, for nine and a half million Malaysian Ringgit. With the purchase, the building which has through the years been reduced to three storeys, is to be restored and will surrounded by a three-block columbarium to be built by developers Raffles-By-The-Sea Sdn. Bhd.[21]

Methodist Girls' School

The gem that would become the Methodist Girls' School, Penang, began in the home of Cheah Tek Soon. Reverend Daniel D. Moore expanded the Methodist Mission to Penang when he went over there, from Singapore, in 1891.[22] Without wasting time, Moore set out to visit wealthy Chinese homes in order to become acquainted with prominent Chinese citizens. One of these was the home of Cheah Tek Soon, who wished for his two little nieces to receive an education. Cheah Tek Soon's sister was persuaded to allow her daughters to be taught and a girls' school was started at the missionary residence, No. 1, Penang Road, in October 1891.[23] The student population of what was to become the Anglo-Chinese Girls' School grew.

The Malaysia Message, an English-language Methodist magazine, noted, "In a Penang newspaper there is an advertisement of a girls' school which has lately been started in the Settlement by the Rev. S.S. Moore. It is called the 'Young Ladies' Anglo-Chinese and Indian School,' and is modelled after the young ladies' schools in England and the pupils are taught by competent lady teachers."[23] That school would eventually grow to become the Methodist Girls' School.[24][25]

The case of Gan Kim Swee and Inspector C. C. Newland

When Inspector C. C. Newland, without provocation, assaulted Gan Kim Swee, a leading member of the Penang community, Cheah Tek Soon was among the leaders of the Chinese, Mahomedan and Hindu sections of the community who convened a public meeting, presided over by Captain Bowers, on 21 September 1878 at the office of Messrs. Bun Chin Hong. After it was determined to petition the Governor in complaint of the Inspector's assault of Gan Kim Swee, Cheah Tek Soon seconded the proposal by Verapa Chetty that a committee, made up of Cheah Eu Ghee, Golam Mydin, Verapa Chetty, Khoo Thean Teik, Choo Cheng Whey, Tan Yeow Chew, Ong Seon Tek, Oh Yean Heng, L. Seow Huck, Y. Hup Keat, Caderasah Merican and Lim Quan Cheang (Secretary), be appointed to develop and bring that petition to the Governor.[26]

The Governor, upon receipt of this, ordered an official inquiry. Major Dunlop forwarded copies of the Straits Times containing the report of the public meeting at Penang to the Superintendent of Police, asking for an official explanation from him on the matter.[27]

Inspector C. C. Newland was eventually tried before the Police Court on Monday 7 October 1878 before Mr. Gottlieb and was found guilty. And while he may have suffered a fine, as he did in an earlier prosecution brought against involving one Abdool Gunny, Gan Kim Swee, through his Solicitor, Mr. Ross, said he would accept an apology instead. Newland read out the apology in court.[28]

See also

Law Suits
  • Penang Foundry Co v Cheah Tek Soon (1882) 1 Ky 559

Cheah Tek Soon 5 Storey Mansion

References
  1. Also Cheah Teck Soon and Cheah Teik Soon.
  2. "The Excise Farms." The Straits Times 3 August 1900: 2. Print.
  3. "Chinese Gifts To Penang." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884–1942) 28 April 1930: 5. Print: Citing the Pinang Gazette & Straits Chronicle, the Singapore Free Press (1930), noting the generosity of the Chinese of Penang, listed out some of the gifts to the island's community from its ethnic Chinese inhabitants: a clock tower from Cheah Chen Eok in 1897, a fountain from Koh Seang Tat (J.P.) in 1883 and the bandstand near the Town Hall from Cheah Tek Soon in 1884.
  4. Khoo, Eugene (2 February 2012). "Overseas Chinese in the British Empire: Cheah Tek Soon 谢德顺". Overseas Chinese in the British Empire. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  5. Singapore Straits Directory, issues 1882–1909
  6. Chinese Business in the Making of a Malay State, 1882–1941: Kedah and Penang By Wu Xiao An, Xiao An Wu Published by Routledge, 2003 ISBN 0-415-30176-9, ISBN 978-0-415-30176-3; pp. 89, 200,228
  7. Sadka, Emily. The Protected Malay States, 1874–1895. Kuala Lumpur: U of Malaya, 1968: 334 Print.
  8. probably, Ernest Karl, Asst. Protector of Chinese in Penang, appearing as E. Karl in the Straits Settlements civil service list. His real identity was revealed only in the 1980 as being Charles Ernest Tardy a Frenchman.
  9. "H.E. The Governor at Penang. From the Daily Times, 5th September. The Penang Reclamation Scheme." Straits Times Overland Journal 9 September 1881: 4. Print; Cheah, Jin Seng. Penang: 500 Early Postcards. Kuala Lumpur: Editions Didier Millet, 2012: 62. Print; Khoo, Salma Nasution., and Malcolm Wade. Penang Postcard Collection 1899-1930s. Penang: Janus Print & Resources, 2003: 26 Print.
  10. Wong, Choon-san. Kek Lok Si = Temple of Paradise. Singapore: Malaysian Sociological Research Institute, 1963: 8–10. Print.
  11. U.S. National Archives 1833–1906: 19 September 1905
  12. The Chinese Boycott: A Social Movement in Singapore and Malaya in the Early Twentieth Century* by WONG Sin Kiong in Southeast Asian Studies, Vo1.36, No.2, September 1998
  13. "Penang News." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884–1942) 5 May 1893: 2. Print.
  14. "Penang Chinese Advisory Board." Straits Times Weekly Issue 6 August 1890: 4. Print.
  15. "Penang." Straits Times Weekly Issue 21 May 1884: 10. Print.
  16. UK Parliament (1885). Parliamentary Papers, Volume 52. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. p. 241.
  17. "Penang, 1stDecember 1884." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884–1942) 13 December 1884: 7.
  18. Khoo, Salma Nasution. Streets of George Town, Penang. Penang, Malaysia: Areca, 2007: 84. Print.
  19. Khoo, Su Nin (2007). Streets of George Town, Penang. Penang: Areca Books. pp. 133. ISBN 9839886002.
  20. Cheah, Jin Seng (2012). Penang 500 Early Postcards. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet. p. 128. ISBN 9789671061718.
  22. Lau, Earnest. From Mission to Church: The Evolution of the Methodist Church in Singapore Singapore: Genesis Books. 2008: 18. Print.
  23. Means, Nathalie. Malaysia Mosaic; a Story of Fifty Years of Methodism. Singapore: Methodist Book Room, 1935: 60. Print.; Barclay, Wade Crawford, and J. Tremayne Copplestone. History of Methodist Missions. Vol. 2. New York: Board of Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Church, 1957: 657. Print.
  24. Ho, Seng-Ong. Methodist Schools in Malaysia, Their Record and History. Petaling Jaya: Board of Education of the Malaya Annual Conference, Methodist Education Centre, 1964: 133. 1965. Print.
  25. Woo, Yee Saik. 'Missionary Education: Its role in Penang's academic tradition.' Pulau Pinang: A Guide to the Local Way of Life & Culture of Penang, Volumes 1–2. George Town (Penang): Georgetown Printers. 1989: 221. Print.
  26. "Topics of the Day. From the Daily Times, 30th September. The Penang Police." Straits Times Overland Journal 5 October 1878: 2. Print.
  27. The Straits Times 5 October 1878: 4
  28. "Penang. From the Daily Times, 17th October. Penang, 14th October, 1878." Straits Times Overland Journal 24 October 1878: 6. Print.
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