Charles Eugène de Croÿ

Charles Eugène de Croÿ
Duke; Charles Eugène de Croÿ
	19th-century drawing of de Croÿ's mummy at St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn.
Born	1651; Le Rœulx, County of Hainaut, Austrian Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire
Died	30 January [O.S. 20] 1702 (aged 50-51); Reval, Swedish Estonia, Swedish Empire; (in present-day Tallinn, Estonia)
Allegiance	Denmark-Norway; Holy Roman Empire; Electorate of Saxony; Tsardom of Russia
Service/branch	Royal Danish Army (1675-1682); Imperial Army (1682-1699); Royal Saxon Army (1699); Peter I’s Army (ru) (1700-1702)
Years of service	1675-1699; 1700-1702
Rank	Lieutenant-General (Royal Danish Army); Field Marshal (Imperial, Saxon and Peter I’s armies)
Battles/wars	Scanian War Battle of Lund; Siege of Malmö; Siege of Helsingborg (no); ; Great Turkish War Battle of Vienna; Battle of Gran (de); Second Siege of Buda; Siege of Belgrade; ; Great Northern War Battle of Narva;
Spouse(s)	Wilhelmina Juliana Gräfin van den Bergh; Hieronyma Katherina Gräfin von Spaur

Charles Eugène de Croÿ (pronounced [ʃaʁl øʒɛn də kʁwi]; German: Herzog Carl Eugen de Croÿ; Russian: Карл Евгений де Круа, tr. Karl Evgenij de Krua; 1651 – 30 January [O.S. 20] 1702) was a German and Russian Field Marshal and nobleman from the French noble House of Croÿ.[1]

Biography

His father was Jacques Philippe de Croÿ-Roeulx (1614–1685), a descendant of Jean III of Croy-Roeulx, son of Antoine le Grand. His mother was Johanna Catharina van Bronckhorst, daughter of Field Marshal Johann Jakob van Bronckhorst.

He married Wilhelmina Juliana van den Bergh, daughter of Hendrik van den Bergh, who was 13 years his senior. They had no children. He participated in the 1676 Battle of Lund on the Dano-Norwegian side.

Later on, he fought with success in the Austrian army against the Ottoman Turks and participated in both the liberation of Vienna in 1683 and the attack on Belgrade in 1690. On October 18. 1692, he laid the foundation stone of the Petrovaradin Fortress and was promoted to Imperial Field Marshal for his services.

In 1697, he started serving the Russian Tsar, Peter the Great, and commanded his forces in Livonia (Livonia at this time formed part of Sweden and the Polish Commonwealth). He led the Russian forces in the Battle of Narva on 20 November 1700 when he surrendered and was taken prisoner by the Swedes.

He died in Reval (Tallinn) as a prisoner of war in 1702. On demand of his creditors, his body, which rested at St. Nicholas' Church, was not buried for more than 190 years, and, when mummified, was exhibited as a curiosity.[2]

References

Bushkovitch 2001, p. 225
Schuyler 2004, p. 489

Bibliography

Bushkovitch, Paul (2001). Peter the Great: The Struggle for Power, 1671-1725. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80585-6.
Schuyler, Eugene (2004). Peter the Great. Part One. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1-4179-7142-8.

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[1] Bushkovitch 2001, p. 225

[2] Schuyler 2004, p. 489