Charles Collett

Charles Benjamin Collett OBE (10 September 1871 – 5 April 1952) was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Great Western Railway from 1922 to 1941. He designed (amongst others) the GWR's 4-6-0 Castle and King Class express passenger locomotives.

Charles Collett
Born	Charles Benjamin Collett 10 September 1871
Died	5 April 1952 (aged 80)
Education	Merchant Taylors School City and Guilds Engineering College, South Kensington
Occupation	Chief Mechanical Engineer
Years active	1922–1941
Employer	Great Western Railway
Predecessor	G.J. Churchward
Successor	Frederick Hawksworth
Spouse(s)	Ethelwyn May Collett (1896–1923)
Awards	OBE

Career

Collett's predecessor, George Jackson Churchward, had delivered to the GWR from Swindon a series of class-leading and innovative locomotives, and arguably by the early 1920s the Great Western‘s 2-cylinder and 4-cylinder 4-6-0 designs were substantially superior to the locomotives of the other railway groupings.

In 1922 Churchward retired, and Collett inherited a legacy of excellent standardised designs. But, with costs rising and revenues falling, there was a need to rationalise the number of pre-grouping designs and to develop more powerful locomotives. Collett was a practical development engineer and he took Churchward's designs and developed them – notably the Hall from the Saint class, and the Castle from the Star. He was also responsible for more humble locomotives, such as many of the pannier tank classes.

By 1926 something bigger than the Castle class was required to haul heavy expresses at an average speed of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h). General Manager Sir Felix Pole told Collett to proceed with the design and construction of a "Super-Castle". The result was the King class 4-6-0 design which emerged from Swindon Works in June 1927, designed to the maximum loading gauge allowed by the GWR's broad gauge legacy. The locomotive had dimensions never previously seen, and represented the ultimate development of Churchward's four-cylinder concept. It was the heaviest 4-6-0 locomotive ever to run in the United Kingdom(136 long tons (138 t)), and had the highest tractive effort (40,300 lbs.). Because of its scale, though, the King class was restricted to a limited number of the major GWR routes. In 1931, using the same maximum loading-gauge theory, Collett designed the GWR Super Saloons for use on the boat train services from London to Plymouth.

Legacy

A gifted technical engineer, who could look at existing designs and reliably improve them, Collett produced a standardized fleet of locomotives ideally suited to the GWR's requirements. He was able to extract substantial performance gains out of the Churchward designs. In 1924 he reported (in a paper to the World Power Conference) Castle class coal consumption of 2.83 lb per drawbar-horsepower hour, a figure dismissed as too good to be true by many engineers, but taken seriously by Gresley after the locomotive exchange of 1925.[1]

Collett has received criticism by contemporary engineers and later railway historians for undertaking very little innovation in his designs, instead sticking with Churchward's style in every case. Arguably this meant that by the time Collett retired the superiority of Great Western locomotives was lost to more modern designs, particularly those of William Stanier, who worked at Swindon before moving to the LMS in 1932. He took Churchward's style with him, but developed it in line with continuing developments in steam locomotive technology.

Family

Collett married Ethelwyn May Simon (1875/6-1923) at St George's, Bloomsbury on 4 November 1896. They had no children.

Through his paternal grandparents Benjamin Collett and Charlotte Harriet Sampson, Collett was 1st cousin once removed (1c1r) to Admiral of the Fleet Sir Philip Vian.[2]

See also

• Locomotives of the Great Western Railway

References

1. Tuplin, p.127
2. http://www.ancestry.co.uk

Sources

• Tuplin, W. A. (1969). British Steam since 1900. London: David and Charles Ltd. ISBN 0-330-02721-2.

External links

• Charles Collett