Château de la Montagne

The Château de la Montagne (Italian: Casa di Montagna), also known as the De Poincy Château or the Château de la Fontaine, was a fortified palace in Saint Peter Basseterre Parish on the island of Saint Kitts. It was built in the 1640s by Governor Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy, and it remained standing until it was destroyed in an earthquake in 1689. Built in the Baroque style, the château was regarded as one of the finest houses in the Caribbean.

Not to be confused with Château de Montaigne.
Château de la Montagne
17th-century engraving of the Château de la Montagne
Alternative namesDe Poincy Château
Château de la Fontaine
General information
StatusDestroyed
TypePalace
Architectural styleBaroque
LocationSaint Peter Basseterre Parish, Saint Kitts
Construction started1640s
Destroyed1689
OwnerPhillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy
Technical details
MaterialStone and brick
Floor count3

History

Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy, the French governor of St. Christopher and a knight of the Order of St. John, purchased an estate called La Fontaine for the sum of 110,000 livres in the early 1640s. The area was located on high ground overlooking the capital Basseterre, and de Poincy constructed the Château de la Montagne on this estate.[1] The brick-makers, locksmiths, carpenters, stone-trimmers and limekiln builders involved in its construction had been brought from France. The estate was maintained by 100 servants and around 300 slaves.[2]

Over the years, the château was fortified with outer and inner walls as well as an arsenal.[2] The original entrance which faced the palace was replaced by a heavily fortified entrance on the east side. The château was manned by a 50-man guard, and it was defended by bronze cannons.[3]

The château passed into the hands of the Order of St. John following de Poincy's death in 1660.[4] It was probably destroyed in an earthquake in 1689. A few traces of the building, including a fountain and some red bricks, can still be seen today.[2]

Architecture
17th-century engraving showing a view of the Château de la Montagne (bottom) and a plan of Fort de la Madeleine in Guadeloupe (top)

The Château de la Montagne was built in a mixture of the Roman and French Baroque styles,[1] and it was regarded as one of the finest houses in the Caribbean.[5][6] The palace itself was a three-storey building which stood on a terrace and was approached by a large courtyard. It had a lavish interior, displaying a number of paintings and maritime maps. It also had an extensive library, the oldest known in the Caribbean.[1]

The palace was fortified by walls and a ditch. There were a number of ancillary structures within the walls, including a church and quarters for de Poincy's workers and servants. The slaves' quarters were located outside the ditch.[1]

The château had its own water supply, and it was surrounded by extensive gardens full of exotic flowers and plants. The gardens were decorated by a number of fountains.[1] Stables and a pigsty stood to the rear of the gardens.[3]

References
  1. Freller & Zammit 2015, pp. 21–22
  2. Harrington 2003, pp. 196–197
  3. Freller & Zammit 2015, pp. 56–57
  4. Freller & Zammit 2015, pp. 77–79
  5. "The De Poincy Chateau also called Chateau de la Fontaine" (PDF). St. Christopher National Trust. Extracted from the writings of an unknown French Author in 1658 as submitted by D.L Matheson to the MIS Christmas magazine, 1962. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2016.
  6. "French Connection". Caribbean World Magazine. 6 June 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2016.

Bibliography

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