Château de Commercy

The Château de Commercy is a castle in the town of Commercy, in the Meuse department of France. It was the principal residence of the reigning Prince of Commercy and was built by Charles Henri de Lorraine. The site, château and grounds, was classified Monument historique in 1960,[1] with the roofs and façades of the wings being classified in 1972.[2]

Château de Commercy
Commercy's entrance court
Alternative namesChâteau Stanislas
General information
TypeChâteau
Architectural styleFrench Baroque
LocationCommercy, France
Construction started1708
Completed1747
Renovated1957–1977
ClientCharles Henri de Lorraine.
Design and construction
ArchitectGermain Boffrand
Léopold Durand
Nicolas d'Orbay
Emmanuel Héré de Corny

History

In 1708, Charles Henri de Lorraine, prince de Vaudémont, a legitimised son of the Duke of Lorraine, began to reconstruct the old building to designs by Germain Boffrand. At the same time, Boffrand had also started work on the nearby Château de Lunéville, then the residence of Charles Henri's half-cousin Léopold de Lorraine, the then Duke of Lorraine.

In 1723, Léopold was given the Principality of Commercy at the death of Charles Henri who died without heir. As such, Commercy became another land holding of the House of Lorraine. In 1729, Léopold died at Lunéville. He was succeeded by his son, François III de Lorraine, future spouse of the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.

At the end of War of the Polish Succession in 1737, the Duchies of Lorraine and Bar were ceded to the landless ex-king of Poland, Stanislas Leszczyński, father of Marie Leszczyńska, Louis XV's Queen consort. As Stanislas moved into the ducal palace at Lunéville, the Principality of Commercy was given to the widow of Léopold, the dowager duchess of Lorraine, Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans niece of Louis XIV and sister of the deceased Philippe d'Orléans.

From 11 September to 5 October 1738, Françoise de Graffigny paid "Madame de Lorraine" a farewell visit at Commercy, and her letters to François-Antoine Devaux paint a lively picture of life there.[3]

When the Dowager Duchess of Lorraine died of a stroke, at Commercy, on 23 December 1744, ownership of the château reverted to Stanislas Leszczyński, under whom it had its golden age. He and his court made frequent visits to Commercy, where etiquette was more relaxed and social pleasures were the main occupation.[4] In the summer of 1748, Voltaire, Émilie du Châtelet and Saint-Lambert spent July and part of August there.[5] In 1755, Madeleine Paulmier stayed at the château and, according to legend, gave her name to a cake, gâteau Madeleine. Eventually the site became known locally as the Château Stanislas.

At the death of Stanislas, in 1766, the Duchies of Lorraine and Bar reverted to the Crown. The building then became quarters for a local cavalry unit.

Neglected, the gardens quickly became overgrown; the once great Parterre and the Grand Canal were destroyed, and their original site is today occupied by small buildings. Some old decorative pieces however can be seen on the shore of the Meuse river.

For decades, the area was a ruin. In the 19th century, it again served the military by being the quarters of a Garrison.

The 20th century saw the building being used as lodgings for soldiers in 1940 during World War II; on 31 August 1944, the château was heavily damaged by fire; and, in 1957, the city of Commercy acquired the ruins from the State in order to carry out its restoration. Completed in 1977, it included the reconstruction of the courtyard façade (above picture) facing the town, and the restoration of the handsome square in the shape of a horseshoe.

Today, the château houses Commercy's town hall, municipal library, and several administrative offices.

Owners
  • View of the castle and town of Commercy, by an anonymous artist (18th century); Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nancy, France
  • Commercy, by an anonymous artist (18th century); Musée de Lunéville, France
  • The parterre and pièce d'eau in front of the castle of Commercy, by an anonymous artist (18th century).
  • Back view of the château of Commercy, (photo Emmanuel Brunner, 2007).

See also

References and notes
  1. Base Mérimée: IA00036683, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French) Château fort, Château Stanislas
  2. Base Mérimée: PA00106509, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French) Château de Commercy
  3. J. A. Dainard, ed. Correspondance de Mme de Graffigny, Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1985-- (in progress), vol. 1, pp. 28-66.
  4. Dainard, ed. Correspondance de Mme de Graffigny, especially vols. 9 and 10.
  5. René Vaillot, Avec Mme du Châtelet, Voltaire: Oxford Foundation, 1988, pp. 323-32, 355-58, 386.

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