Cetinje chronicle

The Cetinje Chronicle (Serbian: Цетињски љетопис/Cetinjski ljetopis) is a collection of manuscripts (letters, documents, reports and poems) compiled by Vasilije Petrović who added some of his own writings to it. It contains 81 leaves of dimensions 32 cm x 21,5 cm. It is kept in Cetinje monastery. There are other versions of this collection (in Odessa, St Petersburg, &c.)[1] which are not identical to the original because the original texts were transcribed by different people at different times. The first scholar who used this chronicle as source for his works was Vasilije Petrović who used it for his work on history of Montenegro, published in Moscow in 1754.

Cetinje chronicle (Cetinjski ljetopis)
Cetinje monastery
"Ode to Nemanja", by bishop Vasilije Petrović, inscription in the Cetinje Chronicle
Also known asMontenegrin Chronicle
TypeBiography of Skanderbeg
Charters
Place of originOrthodox monasteries in the Zeta Plain
Language(s)Church Slavonic
Author(s)Unknown
Compiled byVasilije Petrović
Size32 cm x 21.5 cm
ScriptCyrillic
Additionsby Vasilije Petrović

´There are several preserved transcriptions of this manuscript collection. The original is kept in Cetinje monastery. One version was given in 1830 by Njegoš to Polish collector Kucharski. After Kucharski's death it was purchased by Odessa University.[2]

Name

The name of the book which is written on its covers is Крусоволь.[3] Until the end of the 19th century it was referred to as the "Montenegrin Chronicle" (Crnogorski ljetopis) or "Crnojević's Chrysobull" (Krusovolj Crnojevića). Because it is kept in the Cetinje monastery, built by Ivan Crnojević in 1484, it is referred to as the "Cetinje chronicle".

Background

After Ottoman Empire captured Skadar in 1479 Ivan Crnojević moved his court from easily accessible Zeta Plain to the mountains where he built his court (1482) and Cetinje monastery (1484).[4] Remarkable collection of manuscripts was taken to the new court and monastery during the exodus from the churches in the plain.[5] At the end of 15th century Cetinje monastery became an important center for collecting and transcription of old charters and other books.[6] The Cetinje chronicle is a longer and supplemented version of the Studenica Chronicle (Studenički letopis), written in 2nd quarter of the 15th century.[7]

Content

Ode to Nemanja

O Simeon, the sainted Nemanja,

Father of numerous kin, You left fine heirs Who glorified Serbia with kingdom, Many churches they built, Their fatherland enlightened. The Turks conquered your fatherland, Many of our churches destroyed. Holy Serb kings arise, Say a prayer to Christ the King, Strike down the Mohammedan faith, Expel it from your fatherland! Help the Christian Emperor, Revive your fatherland! Serb bishops, do not rest, But pray to God all night long The Empire of the Serbs to restore

To glorify it with justice and blessing![8]

Biography of Skanderbeg

The first manuscript in the chronicle is the biography of Skanderbeg, which is the major part of the chronicle.[9] It is translation of Barleti's work on Skanderbeg which is shortened either during translation or during transcription performed by Vasilije.[10] A note at the end of this transcription says that the author of the text is "Marin from Shkodër of Slavic origin" (Марин Скадранин, родом Словен/Marin Skadarski, rodom Sloven).[11][12]

Other documents and writings

Cetinje chronicle also contains charters and other documents transcribed by Vasilije III Petrović-Njegoš (in whole or partially) and issued by various rulers of Montenegro.[13]

It contains the charter of Stefan the First-Crowned from 1212 in which he presents a list of churches he built in Kotor and Prevlaka.[14] Cetinje Chronicle also contains the charter of Ivan Crnojević of 1485 in which he recorded his donation of land and property to the Cetinje Monastery.[15]

A transcript of 1485 Golden bull of Ivan Crnojević by which he established the Cetinje Monastery is part of the Cetinje chronicle.[16]

Vasilije wrote a note within this chronicle which describes the Battle at Carev Laz in 1712.[17]

See also

References
  1. "Nastajanje, čuvanje i korišćenje arhivske građe za vrijeme vladika iz raznih plemena i prvih Petrovića". Državni Arhiv Crne Gore. 2011. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 13 August 2012. Prijepisa Cetinjskog ljetopisa nalazimo u Rusiji (Odesa, Petrograd...), Bugarskoj i drugim zemljama.
  2. Martinović 1962
    U nauci su poznata dva cetinjska ljetopisa, od kojih se jedan ne nalazi u Manastiru cetinjskom. Oni su sadržajem različiti, iako se ne isključuju. Razlika je među njima u vremenu pisanja. Prvi doseže do kraja XV vijeka. Njega je proučavao Vatroslav Jagić, prema rukopisu br. 104 Biblioteke Odeskog univerziteta. On se nalazi u zaostavštini poljskog slaviste A. Kuharskog, koju je otkupio Novorosijskij univerzitet u Odesi.
  3. Martinović 1962
    "Цетињски љетопис" је рукописна књига која се чува у Цетињском манастиру и на чијој насловној корици пише Крусоволь
  4. Brozović, Dalibor (1999). Hrvatska enciklopedija. Leksikografski zavod "Miroslav Krleža". p. 500. ISBN 9789536036325. Retrieved 13 August 2012. Razvoj započinje potkraj XV. st. kada je Ivan Crnojević, povlačeći se pred Osman- lijama iz Zetske ravnice u nepristupačna brda, ondje podignuo dvor (1482) i manastir ( 1484)
  5. Rellie, Annalisa (2012). Montenegro. Bucks: Bradt Travel Guides. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-84162-381-8. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  6. "Nastajanje, čuvanje i korišćenje arhivske građe za vrijeme vladika iz raznih plemena i prvih Petrovića". Državni Arhiv Crne Gore. 2011. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 13 August 2012. Od kraja XV vijeka pa nadalje crnogorski mitropoliti nastavili su da sakupljaju i čuvaju dragocjenosti, stare dokumente, rukopisne i štampane knjige. Isto tako nastavlja se i sa prepisivačkom aktivnošću u Cetinjskom manastiru ...
  7. Ređep, Jelka (2003). "The Legend of Kosovo" (PDF): 258. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-24. Retrieved 2012-08-15. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. "Bishop Vasilije's Ode to Nemanja". Njegos.
  9. Martinović 1962
    Najviše prostora u "Ljetopisu" zauzima zapis "Povijest o Skender begu Černojeviću va svetom kršteni narečenom Georgiju".
  10. Petrović, Vasilije; Radmilo Marojević (1985) [1754], Istorija o Crnoj Gori [History of Montenegro] (in Serbian), Podgorica: Leksikografski zavod Crne Gore, p. 133, OCLC 439864504, Није познато када је и ко превео или само прерадио већ учињени словенски превод Барлецијевог опширног дјела о Ђурађу Кастриоту. Да ли сам Василије Петровић који је преписивао текстове тога љетописа. Приметно је да је ова "историја о Скендербегу" у Љетопису скраћена,...Рукопис је Василијев.
  11. Martinović 1962
    Rukopis se završava na str. 30a; napomenom da je ovo pisao Marin Skadranin, rodom Sloven, "na u latinskom jeziku velmi učen".
  12. Petrović, Vasilije; Radmilo Marojević (1985) [1754], Istorija o Crnoj Gori [History of Montenegro] (in Serbian), Podgorica: Leksikografski zavod Crne Gore, p. 133, OCLC 439864504, Овом Повијешћу и почиње Љетопис, до стр. 30а, гдје стоји напомеана да је ово написао Марин Скадранин, родом Словен на "на (!) у латинском језику велми учен".
  13. "Nastajanje, čuvanje i korišćenje arhivske građe za vrijeme vladika iz raznih plemena i prvih Petrovića". Državni Arhiv Crne Gore. 2011. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 13 August 2012. Cetinjski ljetopis je specifičan jer su u njega umetnuti prijepisi povelja crnogorskih vladara. Vladika Vasilije je, u cjelini ili fragmentarno, prepisao sve povelje Crnojevića koje su mu bile dostupne.
  14. Malbaša, Predrag. Manastir i crkva sv. Mihaila na Prevlaci. p. 17. Retrieved 12 August 2012. Zaključujući po komentaru uz ovaj podatak on je preuzet iz Ce-tinjskog ljetopisa gdje se nalazi apokrifna povelja Stefana Prvovjenča-nog iz 1212. godine. U ovoj povelji Stefan govori da je sazidao u Ko-toru: Crkvu sv. Trifuna, hram Vavedenja prečiste Bogorodice, Crkvu jevanđeliste Luke i na Prevlaci hram Arhistratiga Mihaila.
  15. Bogićević, Čedomir (2010). Crnogorski pravno istorijski rječnik (in Serbian). Službeni list Crne Gore. p. 188. ISBN 9788674420737. Retrieved 13 August 2012. Najpoznatija je hrisovulja iz 1485. g., objavljena u Cetinjskom Ljetopisu, kojom je Ivan Crnojević darovao imanje i dobra Cetinjskom manastiru i poklone crkvi.
  16. Popović, Predrag (2011), Budimir Dubak (ed.), Crnogorski identitet, zbornik dokumenata o jeziku, narodu i vjeri (PDF) (in Serbian), Podgorica: Matica Srpska, društvo članova u Crnoj Gori, p. 46, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-16, retrieved 2012-08-14, Извод из Хрисовуље Ивана Црнојевића написане 1485. године, из књиге преводиоца и приређивача др. Божидара Шекуларца Црногорски анали или Цетињски љетопис, Цетиње, 1996, стр.95-103
  17. Jovićević, Vladimir (10 February 2007). "Vladika Danilo, vizionar slobode i državnosti". Dan (in Serbian): 8. Retrieved 13 August 2012. Mitropolit Vasilije Petrović unio je u "Cetinjski ljetopis" bilješku o borbina Carevom lazu 1712. godine, skoro 50 godina poslije događaja. "Va ljeto 1712. godine posjekoše Černogorci Turke u Carev laz no sila turska odolje i dođoše na Cetinje iraskopaše crkvu i manastir".

Sources
  • Martinović, Niko S. (1962), Cetinjski ljetopis [Cetinje chronicle] (in Serbian), Cetinje: Izd. Centr. nar. biblioteke NR Crne Gore, OCLC 7185102, archived from the original on 4 November 2013
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