Calymene

Calymene Brongniart, 1822, is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina, that are found throughout North America, North Africa, and Europe in primarily Silurian outcrops.[2] Calymene is closely related to Flexicalymene, and both genera are frequently found enrolled.[3] Calymene trilobites are small, typically 2 cm in length. The cephalon is the widest part of the animal and the thorax usually has 13 segments.[4]

Calymene
Temporal range: Tremadocian-Pragian
~489–409 Ma
Calymene clavicula 32mm, Henryhouse Formation, Oklahoma, Cayugan
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
†Trilobita
Order:
†Phacopida
Family:
†Calymenidae
Genus:
Calymene

Brongniart, 1822
Type species
Calymene blumenbachii
Brongniart in Desmarest, 1817 [1]

The correct genus authorship is Brongniart (1822).[5] A previously published genus description in Desmarest (1816)[6] (often mis-cited as "Calymena" Desmarest, 1817) was suppressed by ICZN Opinion 1433.

Etymology

Calymene - meaning beautiful crescent as a reference to the glabella.

Known species and locations

Reassigned species

Since the genus Calymene was established early on in paleontology, a number of species previously assigned to it have since been transferred to other genera:[9]

References
  1. Derek J. Siveter (1985). "The type species of Calymene (Trilobita) from the Silurian of Dudley, England" (PDF). Palaeontology. 28 (4): 783–792. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
  2. "†Calymene Muenster 1840 (trilobite)". The Paleontology Database. Archived from the original on 2012-07-20. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
  3. John P. Rafferty, ed. (2010). The Paleozoic Era: Diversification of Plant and Animal Life. Geologic History of Earth. Britannica Educational Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61530-196-6.
  4. Milson, C.; Rigby, S. (2004). Fossils at a Glance. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.
  5. Brongniart, A. 1822. Les Trilobites. pp. 1-65, pls. 1-4 in: Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés Fossiles. Paris. F.-G. Levrault, Libraire. 154 pp. 11 pls.
  6. Desmarest, A-G. 1816. Calymène. pp. 49-50 in: Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Edition, Tome 5.
  7. "Calymene celebra Raymond 1916 (trilobite)". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  8. Alex J. Chestnut. "Using morphometrics, phylogenetic systematics and parsimony analysis to gain insight into the evolutionary affinities of the Calymenidae Trilobita". OhioLINK ETD Center. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  9. Moore, R.C. (1959). Arthropoda I - Arthropoda General Features, Proarthropoda, Euarthropoda General Features, Trilobitomorpha. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part O. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press. pp. 1–560. ISBN 0-8137-3015-5.
  10. Esteve, Jorge (2015). "Systematic revision of the genus Solenopleura Angelin, 1854, Ptychopariida, Trilobita, Cambrian Series 3". Annales de Paléontologie. 101 (3): 185–192. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2015.05.001.
  11. Pärnaste, Helje (2004). "Revision of the Ordovician cheirurid trilobite genus Reraspis with the description of the earliest representative" (PDF). Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Geol. 53 (2): 125–138.
  12. Ramskjöld, L.; Werdelin, L. (1991). "The phylogeny and evolution of some phacopid trilobites". Cladistics. 7: 29–74. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00021.x.
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