Calvin Zippin

Calvin Zippin (born July 17, 1926) is a cancer epidemiologist and biostatistician, and Professor Emeritus in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of California School of Medicine in San Francisco (UCSF). He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association, the American College of Epidemiology and the Royal Statistical Society of Great Britain. His doctoral thesis was the basis for the Zippin Estimator, a procedure for estimating wildlife populations using data from trapping experiments.[5] He was a principal investigator in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) which assesses the magnitude and nature of the cancer problem in the United States.[6] In 1961, he created training programs for cancer registry personnel, which he conducted nationally and internationally. He carried out research on the epidemiology and rules for staging of various cancers. He received a Lifetime Achievement and Leadership Award from the NCI in 2003.

Dr.

Calvin Zippin

Sc.D.
Born
Calvin (Kalman) Zippin

(1926-07-17) July 17, 1926
Albany, New York
NationalityUnited States of America
Alma materState University New York at Albany
Johns Hopkins University
Known forZippin estimator
Cancer Registries
Cancer epidemiology
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI)[1]
Spouse(s)Patricia Jayne Schubert (1930 – 2015) m. February 9,1964[2]
ChildrenDavid Benjamin Zippin
Jennifer Dorothy (Zippin) Kontzer
Awards1969 Distinguished Alumnus Award, State University New York at Albany
1980 Fellow American Statistical Association
2003 National Cancer Institute Lifetime Achievement and Leadership Award[3]
Scientific career
FieldsBiostatistics
Epidemiology
Cancer Registry
InstitutionsUCSF School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
ThesisAn Evaluation of the Removal Method of Estimating Animal Populations (1953)
Doctoral advisorWilliam G. Cochran[4]
InfluencesSir Ronald A. Fisher[5]

Early life and education

Zippin was born on July 17, 1926 in Albany, New York, United States, the son of Samuel and Jennie (Perkel) Zippin. He received an AB degree magna cum laude in biology and mathematics, from the State University of New York at Albany in 1947. He was a Research Assistant at the Sterling-Winthrop Research Institute in Rensselaer, New York beginning in 1947.[7] He was awarded a Doctor of Science degree in Biostatistics by the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health in Baltimore, Maryland in 1953.[4]

His thesis advisor was William G. Cochran[7] a statistician known for Cochran’s theorem, Cochran-Mantel-Haenzel Test and author of standard biostatistical texts: “Experimental Designs”[8] and “Sampling Techniques”.[9] Zippin’s doctoral thesis, An Evaluation of the Removal Method of Estimating Animal Populations became the basis for the Zippin Estimator, and has been used for estimating populations of a wide variety of animal species.[5] It is considered among the easiest and most accurate methods for estimating animal populations in the wild.[10]

Career

At the Sterling-Winthrop Research Institute, Zippin performed various laboratory and statistical duties under Lloyd C. Miller, Ph.D., later Director of Revision (1950-1970) of the United States Pharmacopoeia. Dr. Miller encouraged Zippin to pursue a career in statistics which led to his graduate work at Johns Hopkins[7] where he also held an appointment as a Research Assistant in Statistics from 1950 to 1953. Following graduate school, Zippin became an Instructor in Biostatistics (1953-1955) at the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. He moved to the School of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco where, at the level of assistant professor, he held appointments in the Cancer Research Institute and the Department of Preventive Medicine. With further advancement, in 1967 he became Professor of Epidemiology in the Cancer Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Pathology. Since 1991 he has been Professor Emeritus.[11]

Zippin was a Visiting Associate Professor of Statistics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (1962); National Institutes of Health (NIH) Special Postdoctoral Fellow, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (1964-1965); Visiting Research Worker, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London (1975); Research Advisor, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel (1976-2010); Faculty Advisor, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala State, India (1984-1991).

Research

Zippin’s doctoral thesis became the basis for the Zippin Estimator, a mathematical procedure for estimating wildlife population size based on capture and removal of sequentially trapped animal samples.[5] The method was explored by P. A. P. Moran (1951)[12] and its properties elaborated by Zippin in 1956[13] and 1958.[14][5]:8[15]

Zippin has done extensive research on cancer staging, particularly cancer of the breast[16][17][18][19]and colon-rectum[20] with the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the International Union Against Cancer. He has published on the epidemiology of breast,[21][22] uterine,[23] and nasopharyngeal cancer,[24] late effects of radiation,[23][25][26] and survival patterns in acute lymphocytic[27][28] and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.[29] His 1960[18] and 1966[19] JNCI breast cancer staging articles were included in the "Yearbook of Cancer" compendium of the most influential cancer publications for those years, respectively.

Zippin collaborated with Peter Armitage,[30] extending a mathematical model assuming survival time of cancer patients to follow an exponential distribution whose key parameter (expected survival time) is linearly related to a measure of the severity (e.g., white blood count in leukemia) of disease. The extension provided for the common situation where some patients were still alive and their limited (censored) survival information could be used in estimating the value of the desired parameter.

From 1973 to 1995, Zippin collaborated with Dr. Yoav Horn[31] comparing characteristics of Arab cancer patients living on the West Bank, their disease and survival with those of patients in Israel and the United States. This project documented the need for improved treatment facilities and the training of oncologists in that region. Horn, an Israeli oncologist, started two cancer clinics in Nablus and Beit Jala and developed a training program for Arab oncologists for which Dr. Horn received the Sasakawa Health Prize from the World Health Organization in 2000.[32]

Honors and awards

Zippin is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association (1980), American College of Epidemiology (1982), and the Royal Statistical Society of Great Britain (1965). He was President of the Western North American Region of the International Biometric Society (1979-1980) and a member of the Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies (1979-1981). He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Delta Omega (honorary public health society), and Signum Laudis (honorary academic society). He is an honorary member of the International Association of Cancer Registries and the California Cancer Registrars Association.[33] Dr. Zippin was on the editorial boards of Statistics in Medicine[34] and the Journal of Soviet Oncology.[35][36] He received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the State University of New York at Albany (1969) and a Lifetime Achievement and Leadership Award from the National Cancer Institute (2003).[7]

References
  1. Zippin, Calvin. "Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)". Grantome. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  2. "Patricia Zippin 1930 - 2015". SFGate Obituaries. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  3. "Johns Hopkins Magazine (1953)". pages.jh.edu. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  4. "1952-1953 ScD Alumni". www.biostat.jhsph.edu. Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  5. White, Gary C.; Anderson, David R.; Burnham, Kenneth P.; Otis, David L. (1 August 1982). Capture-Recapture and Removal Methods for Sampling Closed Populations. Los Alamos National Laboratory. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  6. Shambaugh, Evelyn M.; Young, John L.; Zippin, Calvin; Lum, Diane; Ackers, Cheryl; Weiss, Mildred A. (1994). SEER Program - Self-Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars. Book 7 - Statistics and Epidemiology for Cancer Registrars (PDF) (Volume 7 ed.). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  7. "Longtime Members Offer Wisdom". Amstat News. American Statistical Association. 1 April 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  8. Cochran, William G; Cox, Gertrude May (1957). Experimental designs (2d ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0471162049.
  9. Cochran, William G. (1977). Sampling techniques (3d ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0471162407.
  10. Santos, Jair Licío Ferreira; Oliva, Waldyr Muniz (February 1991). "Sobre o procedimento de Zippin para estimar populações de animais". Revista de Saúde Pública. 25 (1): 53–55. doi:10.1590/s0034-89101991000100011. PMID 1784963.
  11. "Emeriti Faculty Association - UCSF Alumni". alumni.ucsf.edu. Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  12. Moran, P.A.P. (1951). "A mathematical theory of animal trapping". Biometrika. 38 (3–4): 307–311. doi:10.1093/biomet/38.3-4.307.
  13. Zippin, C (1956). "An evaluation of the removal method of estimating animal populations". Biometrics. 12 (2): 163–189. doi:10.2307/3001759. JSTOR 3001759.
  14. Zippin, C (1958). "The removal method of population estimation". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 22 (1): 82–90. doi:10.2307/3797301. JSTOR 3797301.
  15. Otis, David L.; Burnham, Kenneth P.; White, Gary C.; Anderson, David R. (1978). "Statistical Inference from Capture Data on Closed Animal Populations". Wildlife Monographs (62).
  16. Zippin, C; Wood, DA; Lum, D (1962). "Study of the Joint Committee recommendations for clinical staging of cancer of the breast". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 12 (5): 194–9. doi:10.3322/canjclin.12.5.194. PMID 14003784. S2CID 19907075.
  17. Cutler, SJ; Zippin, C; Asire, AJ (February 1969). "The prognostic significance of palpable lymph nodes in cancer of the breast". Cancer. 23 (2): 243–50. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(196902)23:2<243::aid-cncr2820230201>3.0.co;2-9. PMID 5764971.
  18. Zippin, C; Kohn, HI (1960). "An evaluation of the proposed international clinical staging system for cancer of the breast". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 25: 13–24. PMID 13847624.
  19. Zippin, C (January 1966). "Comparison of the international and American systems for the staging of breast cancer". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 36 (1): 53–62. PMID 5901528.
  20. Wood, DA; Robbins, GF; Zippin, C; Lum, D; Stearns, M (March 1979). "Staging of cancer of the colon and cancer of the rectum". Cancer. 43 (3): 961–8. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197903)43:3<961::aid-cncr2820430327>3.0.co;2-w. PMID 427737.
  21. Zippin, C (1969). "The epidemiology of breast cancer". Oncology. 23 (2): 93–8. doi:10.1159/000224471. PMID 5787940.
  22. Zippin, C; Petrakis, NL (December 1971). "Identification of high risk groups in breast cancer". Cancer. 28 (6): 1381–7. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197112)28:6<1381::aid-cncr2820280607>3.0.co;2-z. PMID 4942632.
  23. Zippin, C; Lum, D; Kohn, HI; Bailar JC, 3rd (1981). "Late effects of radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix". Cancer Detection and Prevention. 4 (1–4): 487–92. PMID 7349815.
  24. Zippin, Calvin; Tekawa, Irene; Bragg, Kay; Watson, Dorothy; Linden, George (1962). "Studies on Heredity and Environment in Cancer of the Nasopharynx". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 29 (3): 483–490.
  25. Zippin, C; Bailar JC, 3rd; Kohn, HI; Lum, D; Eisenberg, H (October 1971). "Radiation therapy for cervical cancer: late effects on life span and on leukemia incidence". Cancer. 28 (4): 937–42. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(1971)28:4<937::aid-cncr2820280416>3.0.co;2-0. PMID 5111744.
  26. Kohn, HI; Bailar, JC; Zippin, C (March 1965). "Radiation Therapy for Cancer of the Cervix: its Late Effect on the Lifespan as a Function of the Regional Dose". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 34: 345–61. PMID 14342584.
  27. Zippin, C; Cutler, SJ; Lum, D (March 1975). "Time trends in survival in acute lymphocytic leukemia". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 54 (3): 581–6. PMID 1054762.
  28. Zippin, C; Cutler, SJ; Reeves WJ, Jr; Lum, D (January 1971). "Variation in survival among patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia". Blood. 37 (1): 59–72. doi:10.1182/blood.V37.1.59.59. PMID 5312779.
  29. Zippin, C; Cutler, SJ; Reeves WJ, Jr; Lum, D (September 1973). "Survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Blood. 42 (3): 367–76. doi:10.1182/blood.V42.3.367.367. PMID 4725600.
  30. Zippin, Calvin; Armitage, Peter (December 1966). "Use of Concomitant Variables and Incomplete Survival Information in the Estimation of an Exponential Survival Parameter". Biometrics. 22 (4): 665. doi:10.2307/2528067. JSTOR 2528067.
  31. Horn, Y; Zippin, C; Salhab, AR; Horani, Y (1991). "Cancer patterns at medical centers in Israel and the West Bank". Oncology. 48 (4): 301–8. doi:10.1159/000226947. PMID 1891172.
  32. "UCSF professor receives World Health Organization prize for Palestinian cancer treatment program". EurekAlert. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 24 May 2000. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  33. "About Us - CCRA". California Cancer Registars Association. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  34. "Statistics in Medicine (Editorial Board)". Statistics in Medicine. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 1 (1): 1. 1 January 1982. doi:10.1002/sim.4780010101. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  35. "Journal of Soviet Oncology". Consultants Bureau. 1980. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  36. Saunders, Joseph, ed. (January–March 1981). "Editorial Board". Journal of Soviet Oncology. New York, London: Consultants Bureau. 2 (1): 1. ISSN 0270-6296.
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