Calochilus grandiflorus

Calochilus grandiflorus, commonly known as the giant beard orchid or golden beard orchid,[2] is a species of orchid endemic to eastern Australia. It has a single leaf with a reddish base and up to fifteen relatively large golden bronze-coloured flowers with a red or coppery red "beard".

Giant beard orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Calochilus
Species:
C. grandiflorus
Binomial name
Calochilus grandiflorus
Synonyms[1]

Calochilus campestris var. grandiflorus Benth.

Description

Calochilus grandiflorus is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single linear leaf, 30–50 mm (1–2 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide, usually with a reddish base. The leaf is fully developed when the first flower opens. Up to fifteen golden bronze-coloured flowers 35–45 mm (1–2 in) long and 22–28 mm (0.9–1 in) wide are borne on a wiry flowering stem 300–600 mm (10–20 in) tall. The dorsal sepal is 15–18 mm (0.6–0.7 in) long and 9–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) wide. The lateral sepals are a similar length but narrower. The petals are 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long and about 8 mm (0.3 in) wide. The labellum is flat, 35–40 mm (1.4–1.6 in) long and 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide with thin red calli near its base. The middle section of the labellum has coarse coppery red or yellowish hairs up to 11 mm (0.4 in) and the tip has a glandular "tail" up to 22 mm (0.87 in) long. The column has two purple coloured "eyes" but there is no ridge between the eyes. Flowering occurs from September to December.[2][3]

Taxonomy and naming

The giant beard orchid was first formally described in 1873 by George Bentham who gave it the name Calochilus campestris var. grandiflorus and published the description in Flora Australiensis.[4] In 1915 Karel Domin raised the variety to species status.[5] The specific epithet (grandiflorus) is derived from the Latin words grandis meaning "large", "great", "noble", "sublime" or "magnificent"[6]:378 and flos meaning "flower".[6]:45

Distribution and habitat

Calochilus grandiflorus grows in near-coastal heath, sometimes on nearby mountains in New South Wales north from Bulahdelah and in southeastern Queensland.[2][3]

References
  1. "Calochilus grandiflorus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 260. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. Bernhardt, Peter. "Calochilus grandiflorus". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  4. "Calochilus campestris var. grandiflorus". APNI. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  5. "Calochilus grandiflorus". APNI. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  6. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
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