Bufotes luristanicus

Bufotes luristanicus
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Bufotes
Species:	B. luristanicus
Binomial name
	Bufotes luristanicus; (Schmidt, 1952)
Synonyms
	Bufo luristanicus; Pseudepidalea luristanica;

Bufotes luristanicus, the Lorestan earless toad or Lorestan toad (not to be confused with Luristan toad), is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.[2][3] It is endemic to the Zagros Mountains in Iran and occurs at an altitude of 350–1,300 m (1,150–4,270 ft), most often near rocky outcrops or freshwater ponds, which it also uses for breeding.[4] Little is known about this species, but it is not considered threatened overall. Some local populations may be threatened by habitat loss from human activities or drought.[1]

Adult B. luristanicus have a snout–to–vent length of c. 3.5–7 cm (1.4–2.8 in).[4][5] It resembles its close relative B. surdus (Luristan (earless) toad). Both are relatively small, dull-coloured and with no or a tiny tympanum. Unlike most Bufotes species, the adults never have large and conspicuous green spots to the upperpart of their body. They have no greenish spots at all, except sometimes on their limbs, or small and often ring-shaped spots. In juveniles, the spots are relatively larger.[4][5]

References

Stöck, M.; Papenfuss, T.; Anderson, S.; Kuzmin, S.; Rastegar-Pouyani, N.; Sharifi, M. & Nilson, G. (2015). "Bufotes luristanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T54697A74334931. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Search for taxon: Bufotes luristanicus". Amphibian Species of the World, an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
Safaei-Mahroo, B.; et al. (2015). "The herpetofauna of Iran: Checklist of taxonomy, distribution and conservation status". Asian Herpetological Research. 6 (4): 257–290. doi:10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.140062.
Javari, M.; F. Torki (2009). "Notes on morphology, ecology, behavior and systematics of Bufo luristanicus SCHMIDT, 1952 (Anura: Bufonidae)". Herpetozoa. 21 (3/4): 171–178.
Stöck, M.; R. Günther; W. Böhme (2001). "Progress towards a taxonomic revision of the Asian Bufo viridis group: current status of nominal taxa and unsolved problems (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)". Zoologische Abhandlungen – Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden. 51: 253–319.

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[IUCN-1] Stöck, M.; Papenfuss, T.; Anderson, S.; Kuzmin, S.; Rastegar-Pouyani, N.; Sharifi, M. & Nilson, G. (2015). "Bufotes luristanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T54697A74334931. Retrieved 24 February 2020.

[ASW6-2] Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Search for taxon: Bufotes luristanicus". Amphibian Species of the World, an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Retrieved 19 February 2020.

[Mahroo2015-3] Safaei-Mahroo, B.; et al. (2015). "The herpetofauna of Iran: Checklist of taxonomy, distribution and conservation status". Asian Herpetological Research. 6 (4): 257–290. doi:10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.140062.

[Javari2009-4] Javari, M.; F. Torki (2009). "Notes on morphology, ecology, behavior and systematics of Bufo luristanicus SCHMIDT, 1952 (Anura: Bufonidae)". Herpetozoa. 21 (3/4): 171–178.

[Stock2001a-5] Stöck, M.; R. Günther; W. Böhme (2001). "Progress towards a taxonomic revision of the Asian Bufo viridis group: current status of nominal taxa and unsolved problems (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)". Zoologische Abhandlungen – Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden. 51: 253–319.